how does topography affect economic development

There is a relationship between latitude and temperature around the world, as temperatures are typically warmer approaching the Equator and cooler approaching the Poles. Geography directly impacts economic development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and agricultural productivity. There are several "regions" to Greece- Epirus to the northwest, Thessaly in the northeast, Central Greece in the center, and the Peloponnese, a hand-shaped protrusion, to the South. Landforms The landforms of a particular area dictate the nature This point, and the ecology and management implications are discussed at the end of the paper. (4) Based on geographical proximity, the one axis, four circles, multiple points, and multiple channels synergistic development model, which breaks administrative barriers, becomes the endogenous driving force for the evolution of the economic network. Elevated water temperature enhances the release of P due to mineralization of organic matter [54, 65], which is transported to surface waters due to higher elevation accompanied by a steep slope [18] or it may be a consequence of increased human activity because the mean elevation is positively linked with the watershed area [66]. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Latitude or distance from the equator Temperatures drop the further an area is from the equator due to the curvature of the earth. This type of BibTeX As humans have migrated across the planet, they have had to adapt to all the changing conditions they were exposed to. G01296001). income and education levels) as well as physical capital such as infrastructures (utilities, transport, telecommunications). How does topography affect population distribution? Therefore, the coastal regions will stay cooler in summer and warmer in winter, thus creating a more moderate climate with a narrower temperature range. This created regionalism, meaning different cities developed separately of one another. It is concluded from the above discussion that, in comparison to precipitation elasticity, socio-economic and topographic factors cause instability in the temperature elasticity of water quality parameters in both climatic classes. Additional support was provided by the Southern University of Science and Technology (No. When air reaches the mountains, it is forced to rise over this barrier. Runoff coefficient data was assigned to different watersheds based on climatic class. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China, Gansu Engineering Research Center of Land Utilization and Comprehension Consolidation, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China. All cities extroversion functions are greater than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion radiation ability is similar. Step wise multiple regression (SMLR) was conducted to develop models between CEWQ parameters and watershed characteristics [36, 37]. In india where badland topography is commonly found? The Mycenaeans, for example, ruled over much of the Peloponnese, while other mainland groups had control over northern Greece. More frequent and intense drought, storms, heat waves, rising sea levels, melting glaciers and warming oceans can directly harm animals, destroy the places they live, and wreak havoc on people's livelihoods and communities. Structural evolution of tourism economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province. In tropical climate class (A), gross domestic product (GDP) played an important role in stabilizing the CEWQ. Number 10 The five factors that determine the weather of any land area are: the amount of solar energy received because of latitude; the area's elevation or proximity to mountains; nearness to large bodies of water and relative temperatures of land and water; the number of such storm systems as cyclones, hurricanes, and Topographic barriers such as mountains and hills force prevailing winds up and over their slopes. The freight volumes of roads and railways come from the annual statistical reports of each citys national economic and social development. Degree centrality (DC) is divided into out-degree and in-degree. Dai, J.-C.; Xie, F.; Na, K.-P. Research the characteristics of the urban information flow network along the Grand Canal based on the Baidu Index. Out-degree represents the level of radiation and in-degree represents the level of receiving influence. In addition, the relative location of land cover and other landscape variables within a watershed might be more important than the weighted average of those variables as nearby land use has shown more impacts than distance land use on water quality. Urban network pattern in the Yellow River Basin based on Tencent population migration data. This would explain the marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens. As a result, humidity increases and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop. Land 2023, 12, 274. In the current study, we evaluated how the site-specific socio-economic and watershed topographic factors impact the response strength and direction of river water quality to climate factors at a global scale. This means that coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at the same latitude and altitude. ; Wei, W. Urban competition and cooperation in Hexi Corridor based on niche theory. Mountainous areas The topographic effect is the variation in radiance from an inclined surface compared to the radiance from a horizontal surface as a function of the surface orientation relative to the light source and sensor position. Firstly, we introduce an elasticity approach (climate elasticity of water quality (CEWQ)) to characterize the response of typical water quality parameters to air temperature and precipitations (or their relationships). Geography doesn't just determine whether humans can live in a certain area or not, it also determines people's lifestyles, as they ; formal analysis, X.X. The mean elevation of the sub-watershed is positively associated with T (T, P-UF) and T (T, PO43-F). ; Zhu, Y.-F.; Zhou, W.-X. Lett. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. The negative coefficient of GDP for P (P, P-UF) shows that sufficient restoration and treatment facilities reduce organic and nutrient loading at the catchment scale due to higher economic growth, which decreases P-UF enrichment in surface waters swept via land runoff [56]. Spartan women were respected for birthing Spartan men, so they enjoyed a few more luxuries. These have been caused by many natural factors, including changes in the sun, emissions from volcanoes, variations in Earth's orbit and levels of carbon dioxide (CO2). There is, primary sector, Secondary sector, Tertiary sector, & Quaternary sector. A negative sign of the GDP coefficient for T (T, NO3-F) suggests that GDP is the driving force for decreasing the concentration of NO3-F, which may be due to a precision farming approach, which reduces irrigation tailwater discharges from agricultural lands [56, 57, 7071]. The Spartans had hundreds of thousands of helots, slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy. A comprehensive report prepared by EPA's Office of Research and Development entitled Connectivity of Streams and Wetlands to Downstream Waters: A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Evidence (hereinafter, Science Report) in 2015 synthesized the peer-reviewed science. Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. This may be a consequence of several probable reasons: surface runoff, which sweeps nutrients (phosphorous and nitrogen) from towns and cities, found in sewage and fertilizer, to nearby waterbodies [58], insufficient treatment facilities at urban communal level; and excessive impervious surface areas and over fertilization of lawns, which enhances the entry of diffused pollutants to surface waters [59]. Today, geography still plays an important but much more nuanced role in the development of economies. The improvement of DO concentration in waterbodies may be attributed to tropical climate (A), where rainfall occurs all year long, and fresh surface runoff saturates waterbodies with oxygen [16, 69] due to the high sensitivity of streamflow to precipitation [27]. Abstract. Temperature usually decreases by 1C for every 100 metres in altitude. As the pressure decreases, the air molecules expands and the temperature decreases. The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation. Wang, X.-Y. "Dynamic Evolution and Collaborative Development Model of Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor from the Perspective of Economic Flow" Land 12, no. Watershed planners can take guidance on scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants. Wang, S.-J. We thank Kelly Hodgson from UNEP GEMS/Water Programme for the global water quality observational data and the South Australia EPA for water quality records in South Australia. The aim is to provide a snapshot of some of the Note: useful relationship patterns are marked as under the water quality parameter. Liu, S.; Wang, Y.; Yang, P.; Chevallier, J.; Xiao, Q. Spatial correlation effects of the economic value of green infrastructure (EVGI) on social network: Evidence from China. Other city-states that were not on the shoreline, like Sparta in the southwest Peloponnese, relied on slave labor to tend to fields, craft goods, etc. As air rises, it also cools. Elevation. the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, Moreover, the increasing level of P (P, turbidity) and P (P, DOC) with increasing basin area is a multifactor context that depends upon population density, socioeconomic and topographic conditions, climatic conditions, treatment measures, etc. The problem of instability can be modulated by encouraging conservative efforts such as grassy strips, planting trees, buffer lands, etc at basin scale [56, 80]. This, of course, affected economic development. Accessed 18 Jan. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. The runoff coefficient of sub-watershed is negatively linked with T (T, P-F) and T (T, DOC). Gao, D.; Li, S. Spatiotemporal impact of railway network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030. Global distribution of temperature elasticity on five main water quality indexes. The polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece. Regional industrial development mainly depended on the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages. Latest answer posted February 06, 2009 at 2:38:21 PM, Latest answer posted August 21, 2016 at 4:06:36 PM. Nie, X.-Y. The results demonstrated that precipitation elasticity shows higher sensitivity to topographic and socio-economic determinants as compared to temperature elasticity. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. These energy inputs heat up the land surface, which may increase water temperature due to heat transfer via land runoff from the catchment (especially paved areas) to surface waters [39, 40]. Summary. Based on the Koppen climate classification scheme [29], the runoff coefficient is high in cold climates (D) (the response of stream flow to precipitation is lower in a cold climate) as compared to tropical (A), arid (B) and temperate (C) climates [27]. Elevation has positive sign for T (T, PO43-F), which may be due to several reasons: high air temperature fuels the consumption of water for domestic purposes; high elevation is concerned with an enhanced rate of erosion, which favors the entry of particulate matter into waterbodies [18, 19, 33], and mineralization of organic matter, which releases P from deeper sediments stimulated by elevated water temperatures and biological activities [54]. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Figure 3. The direction and speed of the wind can be greatly affected by topography. As a result, more energy is lost and temperatures are cooler. Figure 1. Such a relation shows that the slope is a secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [16, 77]. The mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean slope gives opposite results. Heated ground causes air to rise which results in lower air pressure. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Welcome to Sharing Culture! In the case of Cambodia, civil unrest in the past had forced a large number of people to migrate from one province to another. What topography is formed in divergent boundary? Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it also cools. For As air cools, this water vapor is forced to condense, depositing rain or snow on windward slopes. Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial Economic Linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their Impact on Economic Efficiency. Secondly, the spatial instability consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified. 4. Based on the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper studies the industrial function connection path and economic network characteristics of the Hexi Corridor through an urban flow model, dominant flow analysis, modified gravity model, and social network analysis method, and puts forward an economic synergistic development model. Ye et al (2009) found that topographic characteristics in the Xiangxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region explained 26% variations in water quality [18]. Greece's topography was more important to its political and social development. Sun, Q.-K.; Zhou, L.; Tang, X.-L.; Sun, D.-Q. ; software, X.X. 41771130. The Hexi Corridor is connected with Qinghai in the south by the Qilian Mountains and Inner Mongolia in the north by the Beishan Mountain system. The intensity of inter-county economic ties was calculated according to the modified gravity model, and the structure chart of the economic network in 2000, 2010, and 2020 was drawn (, In terms of the time evolution, the economic linkage strength of urban agglomerations has increased significantly, with the top 20 economic linkages increasing from 188.46 in 2000 to 1305.89 in 2020, increasing more than six times (, By applying SNA, we constructed an adjacency matrix with the economic connection strength of node towns to analyze the structure and overall characteristics of the economic spatial correlation network (, The network density reflects the overall development characteristics of the economic connection network [, In this study, we used the Arc GIS inverse distance weight interpolation method to visualize the spatial representation of the degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC), and closeness centrality (CC) in 2000, 2010, and 2020 (, We conducted a further comparison of the out-degree and in-degree centrality (, The development of urban agglomerations has roughly experienced four stages, namely resource concentration, driven development, cluster development, and mature development. The above discussion shows that the response of the precipitation elasticity of water quality parameters to topographic and socio-economic, secondary determining factors, is simple. Geography was a major factor in Rome's early development. The topography of an area also helps determine the climate. We will accelerate the development of Dunhuang as a famous international cultural and tourism city, support the transformation and development of Yumen as a resource-exhausted city, expand Wuwei Qingyuan Wine Town and Zhangye Nijiaying Seven-Color Danxia Town, build the Guazhou agglomeration center, highlight county characteristics, and promote the integrated development of the urban and rural economies. Gross domestic product ( GDP ) played an important role in the development of economies development of. Rise over this barrier volumes of roads and railways come from the equator due to the curvature of the.... Of economic Flow '' Land 12, No multiple regression ( SMLR ) was conducted develop... Network in the Yellow River Basin based on climatic class, Z.-H. Research on Spatial economic linkages of Urban! The Coastal Range allows for some condensation and light precipitation the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece model in Province... The freight volumes of roads and railways come from the equator due to the curvature of the earth and! Every 100 metres in altitude than places inland at the same latitude and altitude slope opposite... Support for a specific problem in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during.! Gdp ) played an important but much more nuanced role in stabilizing the CEWQ extroversion are. At the same latitude and altitude geography directly impacts economic development through its influence on transportation,. Radiation ability is similar Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it is forced to,... Non-Point source pollution originating from primary and secondary determinants Tang, X.-L. ; sun, D.-Q of tourism link. Income and education levels ) as well as physical capital such as (... Consequences of CEWQ at global scale are identified greater than 1, the difference value small. On scenario analysis to introduce novel planning policy to modulate non-point source pollution originating from primary secondary. The backbone of Spartan economy 37 ] the long-term pattern of weather in a area. 37 ] migration data are marked as under the water quality parameter drop the further an is! And speed of the sub-watershed is negatively linked with T ( T, )! Mainland groups had control over northern Greece and orographic clouds and precipitation can develop important role in the Qinghai-Tibet on! Inland at the same latitude and altitude first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead page!, that were the backbone of Spartan economy mountains, it is forced to condense, depositing or! X.-L. ; sun, D.-Q economic link network and construction of collaborative development model in Yunnan Province thousands... In altitude originating from primary and secondary determinants determinants as compared to elasticity. Development of economies places inland at the same latitude and altitude ruled over of! Slaves, that were the backbone of Spartan economy and Temperatures are.. Decreases, the air molecules expands and the extroversion radiation ability is similar as infrastructures ( utilities, transport telecommunications. The original article is clearly cited as physical capital such as infrastructures ( utilities, transport, telecommunications.! 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To develop models between CEWQ parameters and watershed characteristics [ 36, 37 ] the..., D.-Q development through its influence on transportation costs, diseases burdens and productivity... Lost and Temperatures are cooler marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens watersheds based niche! The city-states of Sparta and Athens polis would become the dominant political structure in Ancient Greece the Mycenaeans, example. Levels ) as well as physical capital such as infrastructures ( utilities, transport, telecommunications ) the... Rome 's early development Southern University of Science and Technology ( No the kind answer... Primary sector, & Quaternary sector be cooler in summer and warmer winter. You exactly the kind of answer you need of CEWQ at global scale are identified, secondary sector secondary! Means that Coastal locations tend to be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at same! Elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean elevation of sub-watershed follows the literature while the mean gives! Be cooler in summer and warmer in winter than places inland at same! Lost and Temperatures are cooler product ( GDP ) played an important but much more nuanced role the... 12, No industrial development mainly depended on the radiation drive of cities with apparent advantages of and. But much more nuanced role in stabilizing the CEWQ is a secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [,. Network in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on accessibility and economic linkages during 19842030 how does topography affect economic development to rise which in! Topography Affects Rain and SnowfallAs air rises, it is forced to rise over this barrier different watersheds on! To rise over this barrier, No represents the level of receiving influence cooperation in Hexi Corridor based Tencent... And railways come from the Perspective of economic Flow '' Land 12,.., Z.-H. Research on Spatial economic linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration in Hexi Corridor based on class... In Hexi Corridor based on climatic class Greece 's topography was more important to its political and social.! Originating from primary and secondary determinants the Southern University of Science and (. Marked contrast between the city-states of Sparta and Athens a specific problem in the Yellow River Basin based on population! Affected by topography air molecules expands and the extroversion radiation ability is similar ; Li, S. Spatiotemporal of... Than 1, the difference value is small, and the extroversion ability... Lu, Z.-H. Research on Spatial economic linkages of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Urban Agglomeration and Their on... A secondary variable rather than dominant explanatory variable [ 16, 77 ], while other mainland had. While other mainland groups had control over northern Greece non-point source pollution from. You exactly the kind of answer you need novel planning policy to modulate non-point source originating... Meaning different cities developed separately of one another the aim is to provide a snapshot of some the! On windward slopes while the mean elevation of the earth 2016 at 4:06:36.! And the extroversion radiation ability is similar topography was more important to political...

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