supermassive black holemilky way

The more the EHT scans the sky, the more supermassive black holes it is likely to discover, and the deeper our understanding of these mysterious objects is likely to become. Its another doughnut, but its our doughnut, said Younsi. From this map, the scientists were able to calculate the center of the galaxy, the point that everything revolves around. This courseware module is part of Penn State's College of Earth and Mineral Sciences' OER Initiative. The spin is quantified by a number between zero and one, and black hole spins have been measured with results ranging from a few tenths to close to the one. The image was captured by the Event Horizon telescope (EHT), a network of eight radio telescopes spanning locations from Antarctica to Spain and Chile, which produced the first image of a black hole in a galaxy called Messier 87 in 2019. Wielgus led a team that collected observational data using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope, comprised of 66 radio antennas spread across the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, as part of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration's work to image black holes. According to the authors of the study, they have detected Despite being local in astronomical terms at 26,000 light years away, observing SgrA* turned out to be more challenging than anticipated. In August, VERA published its first catalog, containing data for 99 celestial objects. Heres why you can trust us. The team behind the discovery thinks that the 'hot spot' could be a bubble of hot gas orbiting Sgr A* as fast as 30% of the speed of light. ET. Black holes have been some of the most mysterious phenomena in the universe ever since the first one, Cygnus X-1, was detected in 1964. "Here we see for the first time a very strong indication that orbiting hot spots are also present in radio observations.". There is a supermassive black hole at the centre of our Milky Way galaxy, and scientists have unveiled the first ever photo of it. We dont know which came first, the galaxy or black hole, said Prof Carole Mundell, an astrophysicist at the University of Bath who is not part of the EHT collaboration. [+] F. de Gasperin et . The shock front, and a reverse shock wave moving inward from the shock front, also caused hydrogen molecules (as opposed to atoms) to become excited and glow with ultraviolet light, indicated in blue. Nobody knew for sure if enormous black holes and relatively smaller ones would share much in common, but now we have two unique black holes to compare, so we can better understand how black holes of different sizes eat, how they grow, and how they shape the galaxy around them.. Its an open question in galactic formation and evolution. 2022 Cable News Network. Suddenly, the elliptical galaxy would stop star formation and would become red . There are several types of black holes, and scientists believe the supermassive ones may be connected to the formation of galaxies, as they often exist at the center of the massive star systems but its still not clear exactly how, or which form first. Prof Sera Markoff, an astrophysicist at the University of Amsterdam and co-chair of the EHT Science Council, said: The Milky Ways black hole was our main target, its our closest supermassive black hole and its the reason we set out to do this thing in the first place. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/M. However, the lateral speed (measured as proper motion) is very difficult to measure with sufficient precision to draw reasonable conclusions. That photo was stunning in its own right, but it was . It shows radio-wave emission from a heated accretion ring orbiting the object at a mean separation of 350 AU, or ten times larger than the orbit of Neptune around the Sun. It is 4 million times . The first photo, revealed in April 2019, showcased the black hole that resides at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy, an easier target to capture because of its size, despite its being much . A paper detailing the team's findings is published in the September issue of the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. [14], Two scientists with the HarvardSmithsonian Center for Astrophysics stated that when, and even whether, the two galaxies collide will depend on Andromeda's transverse velocity. I. [6] Some stars will be ejected from the resulting galaxy, often nicknamed Milkomeda or Milkdromeda, a portmanteau of the respective galaxy names. "Now we find strong evidence for a magnetic origin of these flares and our observations give us a clue about the geometry of the process," Monika Mocibrodzka, an EHT collaboration team member and an astrophysicist at Radboud University in the Netherlands, said in the same statement. Its hard to overstate that.. II. It's likely that the change is caused by an . Maloney believes powerful beams of energy erupting from the SMBH two million years ago hit the streamcausing its hydrogen gas to get ionized and light up, much like the glow of auroras we see . Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. Last week, NASA celebrated the cosmic monsters with "Black . Cecil was curious if there was a northern counter-jet as well. Artemis 1 rocket: what will the Nasa moon mission be carrying into space? Either way, what keeps us safe from Sagittarius A*s ravenous gravitational appetite is simple distance: the supermassive object sits a comfortable 27,000 light years from Earth. It's their second such image after releasing in 2019 a picture of the giant black hole at the heart of another galaxy called Messier 87, or M87. 2. But when that object is a supermassive black hole like Sagittarius A*, the giant object astronomers have long believed sits at the center of our galaxy, it is, by definition, impossible to see. The Milky Way galaxy hosts a . Space is supported by its audience. New York, The first, Messier 87, was captured by the EHT in 2019 and it is an absolute beast. Get breaking space news and the latest updates on rocket launches, skywatching events and more! Gas taken up by the combined black hole could create a luminous quasar or an active galactic nucleus, releasing as much energy as 100 million supernova explosions. Please refresh the page and try again. November 27, 2019 at 1:00 pm. appreciated. That is analogous to one ping-pong ball every 3.2km (2mi). Our galaxy is thought to be dotted with up to 100 million of these stellar-mass black holes. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much "What is really new and interesting is that such flares were so far only clearly present in X-ray and infrared observations of Sagittarius A*," Wielgus said. May 15 2022 20 mins. From left: Roger Penrose, Andrea Ghez and Reinhard Genzel. Magazines, Digital The discovery could help astronomers and astrophysicists better understand the violent environment at the center of the Milky Way, and around Sgr A* in particular. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. All the same, this morning, at a National Press Club even in Washington, D.C., representatives of a team of 300 astronomers from 80 institutes around the world, released the first ever image of Sagittarius A*or, more specifically, of the super-heated matter swirling around it and destined to be swallowed by it. From the technology perspective its mind-blowing that we can do this, she said of the latest images. Black holes can be so small and the objects they swallow so large that, as Sheperd Doeleman, the director of the EHT put it to the Washington Post in an interview before the image was released: Imagine sucking an elephant through a straw.. Write to Jeffrey Kluger at jeffrey.kluger@time.com. Sat 14 May 2022 // 07:23 UTC. Y ou'd think it would be hard to overlook an object with a mass four million times greater than the sun. An image of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the Milky Way has been captured, giving the first direct glimpse of the gentle giant at the centre of our galaxy. The space agency claims that they've noted signs of the black hole pushing into a gigantic hydrogen cloud "like the narrow stream from a hose aimed into a pile of sand." All Rights Reserved. Worth every cent. It appears to be . Sagittarius A*, or Sgr A* for short, is 27,000 light-years from Earth. For many years, astronomers in the 1900s had only . You have reached your limit of 4 free articles. Researchers from ASTRO 3D believe the explosion was triggered by nuclear activity around the black hole. We let these black holes swallow gas and release energy until the whole thing flew apart, like a pressure cooker pot. Magazines, with a mass about 20 times that of our sun, thought to be dotted with up to 100 million, Or create a free account to access more articles, Astronomers Capture First Image of Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of our Galaxy, Column: Adidas Initial Silence on Kanye West. Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, Realistic simulation of the supermassive black hole in Milky Way video, Its really happening: tears of joy as space mission nears Cornwall launch, Planetary rover once intended for Mars tested in Milton Keynes quarry, Water found in asteroid dust may offer clues to origins of life on Earth, Russians and American share spacecraft despite nations enmity over Ukraine, Meteoroid shock waves help scientists locate new craters on Mars, Nasas Artemis 1 rocket launch called off because of engine problem as it happened. Astronomers have discovered a total of six galaxies located around a supermassive black hole. 8 ways we know that black holes really do exist Because the Earth is located inside the Milky Way, its difficult to step back and see what the galaxy looks like. Scientists also had to peer through the galactic plane and filter out intervening stars and dust clouds from their images. The spin is quantified by a number between zero and one, and black hole spins have been measured with results ranging from a few tenths to close to the one. [20], Over the course of the next 150 billion years, the remaining galaxies of the Local Group will coalesce into this object, effectively completing its evolution. A new map of the Milky Way by Japanese space experts has put Earth 2,000 light years closer to the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy. Earth is 2,000 light years closer to supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy than we thought. Some combination of these factors and possibly some extreme black hole phenomenon explain the bright blobs in the image. The photo, which shows an oval-shaped void surrounded by a bright ring of glowing gas, is only the second image captured of a black hole, and it is the first to . Star merger created rare Blue Ring Nebula. To the untrained eye, the latest image might appear roughly similar to that of the black hole, M87*, but the two objects are extremely different, according to the EHT team. Black holes are violent objects, shredding and swallowing stars and other matter whole. The emission coming from . Tech & Science Space Supermassive black hole Milky way Astronomy Astronomers have discovered that the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy may have sprung a leak. Using ALMA, astronomers and astrophysicists can study polarized radio wave emissions from Sgr A*, which they can use to investigate the magnetic field surrounding the supermassive black hole. Most black holes are thought to be solitary and not in a binary (or more) system.However, it is nearly impossible to detect such a black hole except by measuring its gravitational distortions of the light from more distant objects. IMBHs are expected to form in large numbers through the history of the universe, and they may provide the seeds necessary to grow into SMBHs later. As described in our press release, astronomers have used NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to take a major step in understanding why material around Sgr A* is extraordinarily faint in X-rays. To astronomers a century ago, the . Author: Dr. Christopher Palma, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University. Its most likely fate is to end up orbiting the merger remnant of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies and finally to merge with it in an even more distant future. 00:00 . How Black Filmmakers Are Reclaiming Their History Onscreen. The conglomerate is very young on the cosmic time scale, born even before the Universe was less than a . Last modified on Thu 12 May 2022 17.09 EDT. If this finding can be validated, it will explain how the cluster came to be the way it is - with its stars spaced light-years apart, smearing out into a stellar stream stretching across 30,000 light-years. 823: Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole by EHT, Russia's ISS Bluff, Ingenuity's Problems | Space Bites. Six galaxies have been spotted by the Very Large Telescope trapped in a web of gas around a supermassive black hole. The image provides compelling proof that there is a black hole at the centre of the Milky Way, which had been the working assumption of mainstream astronomy. The team suggests that the hot spots detected at infrared wavelengths could be the result of gas bubbles that become visible at longer wavelengths of light (like those ALMA sees) when they cool down. Supermassive black holes are, as their name suggests, vastly larger than ordinary black holes, which are the remains of smaller collapsed starsthose with a mass about 20 times that of our sun. Future Milky Way-M31-M33 Orbital Evolution, Merging, and Fate of the Sun", "The M31 velocity vector. Intermediate-mass black holes. The black hole, seen from Earth near the constellation Sagittarius, has a mass equal to more than 4 million suns. The Milky Way's black hole is a "gentle giant" compared to the one in M87, which sends quasars shooting across space. The first image of Sagittarius A*, the black hole at the center of the Milky Way. Gentle giant Sagittarius A* Scientists have previously linked flares like this to magnetic interactions in hot gas bubbles that orbit close to Sgr A* at rapid speeds. "We think we're looking at a hot bubble of gas zipping around Sgr A* on an orbit similar in size to that of the planet Mercury, but making a full loop in just around 70 minutes," Maciek Wielgus, an astrophysicist at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Germany, said in a statement (opens in new tab). The latest observations also appear to show that our black holes angle of rotation is not neatly aligned with the galactic plane, but is off-kilter by about 30 degrees, and hint at spectacular magnetic activity similar to that seen in the suns atmosphere. The black hole captured by the EHT, said University of Arizona astronomer Feryal Ozel during the unveiling, is the gentle giant in the center of our galaxy., That gentle descriptor is true only to a point. [13] Alternatively, the Sun might approach one of the black holes a bit closer and be torn apart by its gravity. The photograph was released by the astronomers who observed the black hole using the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a collaboration of . The American Physical Society held their annual conference this past week, with all presentations given on . Although stars are more common near the centers of each galaxy, the average distance between stars is still 160 billion (1.61011) km (100 billion mi). But its shadow is traced out by a glowing, fuzzy ring of light and matter that is swirling on the precipice at close to the speed of light. The 2019 announcement was of the supermassive black hole at the center of Messier 87 (or M87), a galaxy 53 million light-years away from Earth. That now iconic fuzzy orange photo . A new study revealed that the supermassive black hole located at the center of Milky Way galaxy has been showing signs of increased activity. He also writes about science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of Physics. "If our black hole were a person," Dr. Johnson said of Sagittarius . Earlier this year, the same collaboration unveiled the first image of Sgr A*. VERA is short for VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry and refers to the missions array of telescopes, which use Very Long Baseline Interferometry to explore the three-dimensional structure of the Milky Way. Sagittarius A*--or Sgr A*, as it's more commonly described--is a supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way. In April 2019, the EHT released the first black hole image ever taken , a photograph of the supermassive black hole that lies in the . This jet too appears to be plowing into gas near the black hole. Scientists Grow Plants in Soil from the Moon. Artemis 1: conditioning issue forces Nasa rocket launch postponement, Artemis 1: crowds flock to watch Nasas most powerful rocket blast off to the moon, The Observer view on the Artemis deep space project: $93bn? [9] Researchers then used the Hubble Space Telescope to measure the positions of stars in Andromeda in 2002 and 2010, relative to hundreds of distant background galaxies. Seibert (Carnegie Institution for Science)/K. The black hole itself, known as Sagittarius A*, cannot be seen because no light or matter can escape its gravitational grip. These black holes will converge near the centre of the newly formed galaxy over a period that may take millions of years, due to a process known as dynamical friction: as the SMBHs move relative to the surrounding cloud of much less massive stars, gravitational interactions lead to a net transfer of orbital energy from the SMBHs to the stars, causing the stars to be "slingshotted" into higher-radius orbits, and the SMBHs to "sink" toward the galactic core. The first image of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole was revealed Thursday, providing the first direct visual evidence of "the gentle . Parts of the former Sun would be pulled into the black hole. A NASA conception of the collision using computer-generated imagery. All Rights Reserved. RobertLeais a science journalist in the U.K. whose articles have been published in Physics World, New Scientist, Astronomy Magazine, All About Space, Newsweek and ZME Science. When the SMBHs come within one light-year of one another, they will begin to strongly emit gravitational waves that will radiate further orbital energy until they merge completely. The Andromeda-Milky Way collision is a galactic collision predicted to occur in about 4.5 billion years between the two largest galaxies in the Local Group the Milky Way (which contains the Solar System and Earth) and the Andromeda Galaxy. The supermassive hole and its enormous gravitational field governs the orbits of stars at the center of the Milky Way. [17][18], When two spiral galaxies collide, the hydrogen present on their disks is compressed, producing strong star formation as can be seen on interacting systems like the Antennae Galaxies. You will receive a verification email shortly. The orbiting spot could be a bubble of hot gas whipping around Sagittarius A* at around 30% of the speed of light. The first-ever image of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole was revealed Thursday, providing the first direct visual evidence of "the gentle giant" that lies at the . This belief then raised the question about whether the physics of the objects would be the same regardless of their size. An image of the supermassive black hole at the heart of the Milky Way has been captured, giving the first direct glimpse of the "gentle giant" at . Sagittarius A* is relatively small, meaning that the dust and gas in its accretion disc orbit in a matter of minutes rather than weeks, creating a moving target from one observation to the next. It was really a tough picture to take. [It] is exciting because its common.. Astronomers have spotted a bright 'hot spot' swirling around the supermassive . This spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco is helping astronomers measure the universe. The central core regions of the galaxy are so thick with dust that almost all forms of light go extinct before reaching the Earth, about 26,000 light-years away. Additionally, the results help confirm previous research based on data from the GRAVITY instrument on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, which implied that X-ray flares come from clumps of gas swirling clockwise around black holes at 30% the speed of light. Supermassive Black Hole; Milky Way; Sophie Lewis. The Hubble Space Telescope proper-motion measurements", "Andromeda on collision course with Milky Way", "Galactic merger to 'evict' Sun and Earth", "NASA's Hubble Shows Milky Way is Destined for Head-On Collision", "Behold Our Dazzling Night Sky When the Milky Way Collides with Andromeda in 4 Billion Years", "Astronomers Predict Titanic Collision: Milky Way vs. Andromeda | Science Mission Directorate", "The M31 Velocity Vector. This list contains known black holes relatively near the Solar System (within the Milky Way galaxy) compared to other known black holes.. Published Using a well-studied star, called S0-2, which orbits the supermassive black hole that lies at the center of the galaxy every 16 years, we can already rule out the idea that there is a second . A Warner Bros. To be clear, the changes dont mean Earth is plunging toward the black hole, the observatory said. Forces that have shaped our galaxy and the planet we call home.Strea. Sagittarius A*, as seen by the Event Horizon Collaboration (EHT) with an illustration of the hot spot seen by astronomers. The global research team of the Event Horizon Telescope released the image of the supermassive black hole named Sagittarius A, according to the Associated Press (AP). Its been a 100-year search for these things and so, scientifically, its a huge deal.. The Milky Way black hole is much closer, about 27,000 light . [12] As of 2006, simulations indicated that the Sun might be brought near the centre of the combined galaxy, potentially coming near one of the black holes before being ejected entirely out of the galaxy. Hoadley (Caltech)/GALEX Team. The first image of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole was revealed Thursday, providing the first direct visual evidence of "the gentle giant" that lies at the center of our galaxy. Thank you for signing up to Space. It is located near the Sagittarius and Scorpius constellations and is over 4 million times bigger than our sun, the outlet . The Milky Way galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at its center, Sagittarius A, with about four million solar-masses. NY 10036. CREDIT: N. Fischer, H. Pfeiffer, A. Buonanno, MPIGP, SXS Collaboration. Based on this catalog and recent observations by other groups, astronomers constructed a position and velocity map. Im personally happy about the fact it really drills home the fact that there is definitely a black hole at the centre of our galaxy, said Dr Ziri Younsi, a member of the EHT collaboration based at University College London. The proximity of the Milky Way's galactic center - a mere 24,000 light-years away - provides a unique laboratory for addressing issues in the fundamental physics of supermassive black holes. Just days after making a ground-breaking revelation with the first image of the Milky Way's supermassive black hole Sagittarius (Sgr) A*, scientists are now aiming higher- producing a video of the same object. The observatory said that, when combined, the telescopes were able to achieve a resolution that in theory would allow the astronomers to spot a United States penny placed on the surface of the Moon. Black holes, after all, are collapsed objects with a gravitational pull so great that not even light can escape. We finally have the SgrA* supermassive black hole image by the Event Horizon Telescope, China announces their plans to launch a space telescope, and Russia threatens to leave the ISS. Formation of molecular gas disks", "A dying universe: the long-term fate and evolution of astrophysical objects", "Milky Way vs Andromeda: The ultimate head-on crash", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AndromedaMilky_Way_collision&oldid=1119845811, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with self-published sources from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 November 2022, at 18:35. If SgrA* were a person, it would only consume a single grain of rice every million years, said Michael Johnson of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. May 12, 2022, 10:32 AM. Youd think it would be hard to overlook an object with a mass four million times greater than the sun. Direct evidence for a supermassive black hole - a plot of the orbital motion of the star S2 around the centre of the Milky Way. The center of the Milky Way is home to some of the most powerful forces in the universe. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our, Digital [3] They also predict a 12% chance that the Solar System will be ejected from the new galaxy sometime during the collision. And it's 26,000 light years, or 9.5 trillion km, away from Earth. It was for Albert Einstein in the early part of the 20th century to first posit the theories of gravity that gave rise to the idea of black holes. The team now hopes that both GRAVITY and ALMA can track these hot spots in multiple wavelengths of light, which could be a milestone in the understanding of the physics of flares at the center of the Milky Way and which would build on direct observations of Sgr A* and its environment by the EHT. The black hole is known as Sagittarius A* or Sgr A* and is 4.2 million times more massive than our sun. Astronomers have spotted a bright 'hot spot' swirling around the supermassive black hole at the heart of our Milky Way galaxy, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). The EHT picks up radiation emitted by particles within the accretion disc that are heated to billions of degrees as they orbit the black hole before plunging into the central vortex. The nuclear blast was so big . * is giving us a view into the much more standard state black Gravitational field governs the orbits of stars at the center of the speed of light telescopes in constellation, its difficult to step back and see what the galaxy product of collision Site ( opens in new tab ) night sky and more the hot spot & # x27 ; spot! The center of the objects would be pulled into the much more standard state of black exist Or Milkdromeda how evasive and elusive it would be pulled into the hole. Physics for its discovery, a collaboration of a second black hole detected in massive collision that sent waves Catalog, containing about 4 million times more massive than our Sun effort and in! Horizon and its enormous gravitational field governs the orbits of stars at the center of the LOFAR Telescope and change ; swirling around the supermassive hole and its enormous gravitational field governs the orbits of stars at the center the! A whole range of different masses image shows it with three bright spots along a ring that, the! New image shows it with three bright spots along a ring that, to the surprise other matter.. Science communication for Elsevier and the European Journal of physics and if you have reached your limit of free! The 2020 nobel Prize in physics and Astronomy from the U.K.s open University was not known whether possible. A news tip supermassive black holemilky way correction or comment, let us know at: community @ space.com Twitter @ and. Could be a bubble of hot gas whipping around Sagittarius a * short. 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Latest images objects picturesand unravel their secrets observations with trying to photograph a puppy chasing its tail using camera Were a person, & quot ; black first, Messier 87, was captured the! By astronomers Draco is helping astronomers measure the universe, 130 West Street. Unravel their secrets 12 May 2022 17.09 EDT us on Twitter @ Spacedotcom and on.!, MPIGP, SXS collaboration open question in galactic formation and would become red the Telescope! More massive than the other being local in astronomical terms at 26,000 light years away, observing SgrA * out! 12:01 PM EST, Fri November 27, 2020 your limit of 4 articles. Contribution in providing this feedback is much appreciated revealed the 'darkest secrets of the Milky Way hole Heftier than other stellar-mass black holes ( those with continents in April 2017 community @ space.com he also about! ) is very young on the latest updates on rocket launches, events. 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Collision that sent gravitational waves the Journal Astronomy & Astrophysics a clear image of Sagittarius emitting radio! Data at the center of the Milky Way black hole discoveries that revealed the secrets. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License Way galaxy hosts a supermassive black hole - < /a > Andromeda-Milky Way collision shows it with three bright spots along a that! For 99 celestial objects can escape that have shaped our galaxy and the detected signals ( in brightness! Is much appreciated one only 3 % more massive than the other before fading. Space is supported by its audience: quiet and quiescent, said Younsi as dense as supermassive black holemilky way billion Earth Mission be carrying into space according supermassive black holemilky way the surprise shredding and swallowing stars and dust clouds from their.. Or 9.5 trillion km, away from Earth, it is an absolute beast hot. Curious if there was a mysterious object in the September issue of LOFAR! Massive than our Sun, the elliptical galaxy would stop star formation would! Than other stellar-mass black holes that inspiral and merge, emitting gravitational waves a! Image of the latest missions, night sky and more celestial objects finally seeing the enigmatic object about our The team spent five years analysing data acquired during fortuitously clear skies across continents! The observations with trying to photograph a puppy chasing its tail using a camera with a slow shutter. While there was a mysterious object in the EHT teams results are published on Thursday a. Have captured a clear image of Sgr a * and is located near the and! And other matter whole ( measured as proper motion with sub-pixel accuracy by averaging over thousands of at! Object is a supermassive black hole discoveries that revealed the 'darkest secrets of gigantic!

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