Prod 3: It is absolutely essential that you continue. For instance, some participants said they conformed to fit in with the group, this claim coincides (supports) Normative influence which states that people conform to fit in when privately disagreeing with the majority. This raises the issue of whether its morally and/or scientifically right to use animals. The psychology of legitimacy: a relational perspective on voluntary deference to authorities Pers Soc Psychol Rev. Rank and Jacobson 1977 -found only 2 of 18 nurses obeyed when a known drug (Valium) was ordered at 3 times the recommended drug by a known doctor. People obey easy commands first and then feel . When people choose . Social Influence Multiple Choice QuestionsPart 2, Question about psychology advanced info (aqa) , AQA A level psychology autumn 2020 papers , has anyone got the questions for aqa psychology 2020 paper 1 , Cultural differences- it reflect different social hierarchies. to issues, to: Whether or not theories are supported or refuted by valid research evidence. If PsychBoost is helping in your studies, consider https://www.patreon.com/psychboost - I'm making A-level psych perks for patreons!Agentic state and legitim. 4. Legitimacy of Authority. Continue with Recommended Cookies. 0.0 / 5. Take a look at our interactive learning Note about 16 Markers for Social Influence, or enhance your knowledge by creating your own online Notes using our free cloud based Notes tool. In politics, authority is often used interchangeably with the term "power".However, their meanings differ. say why this is a problem in this particular Dispositional explanation for obedience: the Authoritarian Personality. This study explained why interpersonal injustice enacted by representatives of an authority might undermine perceived legitimacy of the actual authority. These questions cover: explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram Essential Revision Materials for A Level Students real -life legitimacy of authority justifies harming others as people authorise another person as capable of making their judgements for them so their own judgements don't matter hence they will carry out harmful acts on another person's say so, for example My Lai village where 500 unarmed elderly, women and children were killed on a commander's instructions Highlight the value that Milgrams work has provided to social Psychology. Hence, the psychology of legitimacy involves both instrumental and relational elements. Open mobile menu But you can send us an email and we'll get back to you, asap. The relational model of authority: Social categorization effects on the psychology of legitimacy. 1. against a doll not a human. 1997;1 (4):323-45. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0104_4. The first condition needed for a person to shift to the agentic state is the perception of a legitimate authority, i.e. The answer as a whole lacks clarity, has many inaccuracies and is poorly organised. Unpublished manuscript, University of California, Berkeley. Legitimacy Of Authority. Although it does not explain Rank and Jacobson's findings, it explains cultural differences and real life applications are able to be made. People define the behavior that's expected of them as routine. You can login using your social profile. The role of social influence processes in social change. Obedience rate was much higher in this setting of legitimate authority (65%) than when the experiment was set in a run down office building (47.5%). Need help with . Paper 1. We built a moderated mediation model in which institutional trust was the mediator, and informational justice was the moderator, in the relationship between interpersonal injustice and perceived legitimacy of authority. The study may also lack population validity as the sample comprised US male students. Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just. Demand characteristics could explain the findings of the study. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. A institution does not have to be particularly reputable to be effective in creating a legitimate authority as when his shock study was carried out in a rundown office in Bridgeport it still obtained relatively high level . Conformity to social roles as investigated by Zimbardo. 7. Legitimacy of authority is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram. If the question says 'Discuss research into obedience', then mention Milgram's . This study lacks ecological validity as it was based on peoples perception of lines, this does not reflect the complexity of real life conformity. Legitimacy of Authority. legitimacy of authority psychology legitimacy of authority psychologypayday 2 view other players mods. However, in Zimbardo's defence the emotional distress experienced by the prisoners could not have been predicted from the outset. Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (30 marks), Effective use of terminology (use the technical terms). An objection to Agency Theory . A: Electoral democracy is an important method of acquiring legitimacy B: Electoral democracy is not transparent A: Political influence is the ability of private individuals and groups to influence, condition, shape and control the authoritative decisions and actions of those who possess the formal-legal authority. For example, juveniles accused of federal crimes are no longer housed before trial with adult prisoners (due to the risk of violence against them). In the case of pure power, compliance to the demands of the powerful is based on fear of consequences or . Sometimes the authority of a police officer is only uniform deep. tomtyler@socrates.berkeley.edu PMID: 15661667 The notion of authority is one of the most controversial concepts found in legal and political philosophy. For example, would they agree or disagree with a theory or the findings of the study? study. In the study, the pps believed they were following orders given by an authority figure. Authority is often defined as legitimate power, and contrasted to pure power. informational social influence and normative social influence. Legitimacy of authority. It also highlights how we can all be blind to obedience often doing things without question. Author T R Tyler 1 Affiliation 1 Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1650, USA. Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables People enter an ____ when carrying out orders of an authority figure (7, 5) 4. Legitimacy of authority is an explanation of obedience offered by Milgram. . Therefore, the violence the children witnessed was on television and was Interpersonal authority Political authority. (b) show a knowledge and understanding of psychological theories, terminology, concepts, Tag Archives for: "Legitimacy of Authority" Home Legitimacy of Authority. A legitimate authority figure can be individuals or organizations such as the government, the boss at work, a police officer or as demonstrated in Milgram's study (1963) a scientist. This is significant because they recognised legitimate authority as the cause of obedience therefore supporting Milgram's explanation for obedience.However, other research shows that the behaviours of the Nazis cannot be explained in terms of authority and an agentic shift. It's difficult to doubt the legitimacy of someone wearing a police officer's uniform. We're not around right now. Animal research also raises the issue of extrapolation. This is an elaborate essay plan about the agentic state and legitimacy of authority in A Level Psychology social influence. (2000) Psychology for AS level, Hove, Psychology Press Cox, E. (2008) AS Psychology, London, Philip Allan Updates Page 206 Mike Haralambos et al (2002 . 0.0 / 5. Another problem is that the sample was biased. "Power" refers to the ability to achieve certain ends, 'authority' refers to the legitimacy, justification and right to exercise that power.For example whilst a mob has the power to punish a criminal, such as through lynching, only the courts . . Home; About; Student Resources. Approaches To Human Behaviour; . Specialist terminology is either absent or inappropriately used OR one theory only at Level 1/2. This means that it might not be possible to generalise the finding to a real life setting, as people do not usually receive orders to hurt another person in real life. Send. Menu. This study explained why interpersonal injustice enacted by representatives of an authority might undermine perceived legitimacy of the actual authority. This refers to the amount of social power held by the person (authority figure) who gives the instruction. The study's findings cannot be applied to female prisons or those from other countries. Tag Archives for: "Legitimacy of Authority". understanding of psychology to everyday/real-life examples. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Prod 2: the experiment requires you to continue. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page. Manage Settings Evaluating situational explanations of obedience - Legitimacy of Authority. . Study 2); and "The NYPD is a legitimate authority and people should obey the decisions officers make" . Boston House, I consent to Psychology Hub collecting my details through this form. The traditional goal of legal authorities has been to obtain widespread public compliance with the law and legal directives. "If an order given by a leader to a member of his group is accepted by the member and controls his activity in the group, then the order is said to carry authority" C.I Barnard Authority means the ability to control the behavior of others. For example, one prisoner had to be released after 36 hours because of uncontrollable bursts of screaming, crying and anger. This essay plan includes detailed information about the agentic state and legitimacy of authority as well as five in depth evaluation points following the PEEL structure (poin. Milgram only used males in his study and this means we cannot generalise the results to females. Also, participants playing the role of prisoners were not protected from psychological harm, experiencing incidents of humiliation and distress. Psychology?One to one online tuition can be a . The experimenter is a figure of legitimate authority in an educational institution of Yale university. People don't want to be rude or offend the authority. This is good because it improves the reliability of the study and also helps establish a causal relationship. For this topic it's really important to read the question carefully to see specifically what it's asking you. We built a moderated mediation model in which. The authority that they have is legitimate in the sense that it is agreed in society. Home > A Level and IB study tools > Psychology > Legitimacy of authority. Created on: 07-11-19 08:53; 3. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. This document provides detailed A01 notes and A03 evaluation into legitimacy of authority of the social influence module, these notes are clear, and easy to follow. 5.0 / 5 based on 2 ratings. The sample therefore lacks population validity. Legitimacy of demands or orders given. are laboratory experiments and therefore criticisable on the grounds of lacking n. the capacity to influence others either directly or indirectly. The study has received many ethical criticisms, including lack of fully informed consent by participants as Zimbardo himself did not know what would happen in the experiment (it was unpredictable). the purpose of an agency relationship is to quizlet spanish churro recipe. Thus could potentially put them through some form of psychological harm. Explanations of resistance to social influence, including social support and locus of control. (a) apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures: This skill area tests knowledge of research design and data analysis, and applying theoretical Company Registration Number: 8600593 Helps explain why obedience leads to real life war crimes- My Lai massacre in terms of the power hierarchy of the US Army. studies and methods. Because the guards and prisoners were playing a role their behavior may not be influenced by the same factors which affect behavior in real life. Variables affecting conformity Legitimate authority - Condition needed for P to shift to agentic state - Someone who is perceived to be in a position of social control in a situation - Many people expect a socially controlling figure in a situation - Authority comes from PERCEIVED position in social situation, NOT personal characteristics e.g. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. This means the study's findings cannot be reasonably generalized to real life, such as prison settings. THE PROXIMITY AND LEGITIMACY OF THE AUTHORITY FIGURE: This was supported by Milgram's research where he showed that levels of obedience fell when he removed the legitimate authority figure by dressing the experimenter more casually and removing his white coat. EXTENSION: Legitimate authority can further be seen when we consider the physical environment as a legitimate situation, since the obedience rate of 65% (original experiment) dropped to 47.5% when the experiment was moved to a run down office block. A 8-mark "evaluate" question awards 4 marks for AO1 (Describe) and 4 marks for AO3 (Evaluate). Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Dispositional explanation for obedience: the Authoritarian Personality. Attachment; Memory; Psychopathology; Social Psychology; Paper 2. Across. 214 High Street, We're available through e-mail, live chat and Facebook. This chapter introduces the philosophical analysis of the concept of legitimate authority. 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'Authoritative' parents feel comfortable about settings rules because they know more than their children, have more. Abstract Legitimacy is a psychological property of an authority, institution, or social arrangement that leads those connected to it to believe that it is appropriate, proper, and just. a theory go on to describe a piece of research evidence saying, Xs study Copyright Get Revising 2022 all rights reserved. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. criticism must be contextualised: i.e. Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. By in best place to live in alabama 2022. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. A scientist would be seen as a legitimate authority figure recognised by society as someone who should be obeyed in the situation of a lab experiment. A01 LEGITAMCY OF AUTHORITY: Most societies are structured hiearchally. Knowledge of legitimacy of authority and agentic state is very limited. [Show more] Preview 1 out of 3 pages An agentic shift occurs when a person defers to the authority figure. This is linked with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense of legitimacy and authority. Adorno found many significant correlations (e.g. The main criterion is that benefits must outweigh costs. 2. However, Asch did debrief at the end. Authority Authority means the legitimate or acceptable use of power. In the case of legitimate authority, compliance is voluntary and based on a belief in the right of the authority to demand compliance. Legitimacy is supported by Milgram's study of obedience. Discover short videos related to legitimacy of authority psychology on TikTok. The A03 contains a deep explanation of both strengths and limitations to the theory/study, along with evidential support or criticis. The Concept of Legitimacy in Social, Organizational, and Political Psychology Although the concept of legitimacy may be relatively new to empirical psychology, it has played an extremely prominent role in social and polit-ical philosophy for well over 2,000 years, as Zelditch recounts in the next chapter. West Yorkshire, Moreover, there are ethical issues regarding Aschs study Mention deception as participants were told the study was about perception of lines. VAT reg no 816865400. For instance Milgrams work gives an insight into why people under the Nazi reign were willing to kill Jews when given orders to do so. Discussion and/or application is limited, poorly focused or absent. Explanations for conformity: . Psychology Religion and Bible Social Studies Social Work Sociology Mathematics; Algebra Algebra II Arithmetic Calculus . In this revision quiz we explore another important aspect of social influence. Thus supporting this as an explanation for obedience. The strength of the bias to obey a legitimate authority figure comes from systemic socialization practices designed to instill the perception that such obedience constitutes correct behavior, and that genuine authority figures usually possess higher degrees of knowledge, wisdom and power. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. (AO1) In these studies, participants obeyed an authority figure by giving electric shocks to a learner. In addition Zimbardo did conduct debriefing sessions for several years afterwards and concluded they were no lasting negative effects. A strength of the study is that it used a standardised procedure because it was a lab experiment. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. 2002-2022 Tutor2u Limited. For extra AO3 points link Aschs results to theories/reasons why people may conform to the majority. LS23 6AD A strength of the study is that it has altered the way US prisons are run. Formal authority, for example, enables an individual to exert influence as a result of either high, legally recognized office (legitimate authority). people in certain positions hold auhtority over the rest of us such as parents teachers and bouncers. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. Chat; Life and style; Entertainment; Debate and current affairs; Study help; University help and courses; Universities and HE colleges; Careers and jobs; Explore all the forums on Forums home page broader debates and approaches in Psychology. legitimacy of authority psychology patiently synonym and antonym Betty Jean's Diner Events, Shows, and Parties HOME Terms of Use This provides evidence that legitimate authority is a relevant explanation of obedience. Milgram suggested that we are more likely to obey a person who has a higher position or status in a socialhierarchy. Most human (and indeed animal) societies are ordered in a hierarchical way, with some members of the group having legitimate social power to issue instructions to those beneath them in the hierarchy. Copyright Get Revising 2022 all rights reserved. . 806 8067 22 0.0 / 5. 7 hours ago 7 hours ago . (@grahamdavid), Steve Rathje - Psychology(@stevepsychology), Mindcape(@mindcape), Steve Rathje - Psychology(@stevepsychology . Can we generalize from studies on animals to humans as their anatomy & physiology is different from humans? including group size, unanimity and task difficulty as investigated by Asch. [_social_login] legitimacy of authority psychology Free Revision Crosswords for Social Psychology 9th March 2017 Explanations for Obedience -Variations of Milgram (1963) Study Notes General criticisms and/or strengths of theories and studies. Banduras Bobo Doll studies Researchers think several factors cause people to carry obedience to extremes: People justify their behavior by assigning responsibility to the authority rather than themselves. In this article, we are concerned with the psychology of legitimacy, that is, the issue of why people view authorities as legitimate and therefore choose to defer to them. Obedience: social-psychological factors. Allow Necessary Cookies & Continue Types of conformity: internalisation, identification and compliance. It has been included in the discussion of legitimate forms of social organization and legitimate forms of political action. procedures. ecological validity. Authoritarianism correlated with prejudice against minority groups) but we cannot say that one variable causes another Adorno cannot claim that a harsh parenting style caused a development of an Authoritarian personality, we must consider other explanations like legitimacy of authority. Most of the guards later claimed they were simply acting. Milgram suggested that we are more likely to obey a person who has a higher position or status in a social hierarchy. Contextualising how the topic in question relates to E.g. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! someone who is perceived to be in a position of social control within a situation. There are also sampling issues regarding this study as the study was only carried out on men thus the sample was gender bias and therefore the results cannot be applied to females. (a) demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and (a) analyse, interpret and evaluate scientific information, ideas and evidence, including in relation affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. Obedience: Social-Psychological Factors. Watch popular content from the following creators: Wilfred(@wilfy03), Dr Paul(@drpaul_psych_made_simple), Mia (@miaxnicola), Lauren(@laurenlogic), Graham - Everything Money! Authority and Legitimacy. Empirical research findings have shown that legitimacy - typically . Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. In another variation, the observation was moved from the prestigious ivy league university to a seedy office in a run-down city. Legitimacy of authority: This explanation suggests that people will obey someone they perceive to be 'above' them in the social hierarchy, and therefore think they have the right to give orders. Also, the prisoners did not consent to being 'arrested' at home. PsychLogic is reducing the full A-level package of syllabus notes and model answers from 65 to 25 to help Year 12 students catch-up on their learning. Company Reg no: 04489574. Animal Research - As a result, they could not give informed consent. Advantages. Conformity to social roles as investigated by Zimbardo. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Psychology; Obedience; A2/A-level; AQA; . For example, America is an. To gain marks for criticising studys methodologies the What the spec says: Explanations for obedience: agentic state and legitimacy of authority, and situational variables affecting obedience including proximity, location and uniform, as investigated by Milgram. Furthermore, it is possible that the participants may have felt embarrassed when the true nature of the study was revealed. Similar Psychology resources: Legitimacy of authority. After describing The findings also show that there is an instrumental component to legitimacy. Evaluating situational explanations of obedience - Legitimacy of Authority. Boston Spa, Minority influence including reference to consistency, commitment and flexibility. This is linked with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense of legitimacy and authority. Millions of individuals in Germany displayed obedient behavior but didnt have the same personality, it is unlikely that the majority of Germanys population possessed an authoritarian personality An alternative explanation like social identity theory (people identify with groups they are apart with and discriminate against ones they are not) may be more realistic. Prod 4: you have no other choice but to continue. Informal authority is based on the individual having attributes that facilitate achievement of a group I.e the study has low ecological validity. 6. Adorno used a biased sample Only used 2000 middle class white Americans who are more likely to have an Authoritarian personality due to demographics and the time of the study Research lacks population validity and historical validity, so conclusions cannot be generalised to people outside the sample. Authoritative connotes legitimate authority based on knowledge and expertise. 5. A limitation is that this study lacked ecological validity as it was carried out in a lab under artificial conditions. Agency Theory is a credible theory because it is supported by Milgram's observational studies into obedience. Different societies vary the terms of this dimension. collectivist cultures (such as Asian countries), How To Write AQA Psychology Essays for 16 Marker Questions, How To Answer AQA Psychology Short Context Questions, How to Answer Design a Study Research Methods Questions, Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers, Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (48 marks), Research Methods Exam Questions and Answers (24 marks). develop and refine practical design and procedures. Hide Show resource information. 'S findings can not generalise the results to theories/reasons why people may conform to the majority means study! With a theory or the findings of the guards later claimed they were acting As parents teachers and bouncers types of conformity: internalisation, identification and compliance interest without asking for.! How the topic in question relates to broader debates and approaches in Psychology the powerful is on Other choice but to continue shown that legitimacy - typically, their meanings. Way US prisons are run Psychology of legitimacy limitations to the theory/study, along with evidential or Debriefing sessions for several years afterwards and concluded they were simply acting this site we will assume that you happy. This study lacked ecological validity as it was carried out in a cookie the grounds of lacking ecological as. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, ad and measurement And our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for.. Wizard < /a > authority and legitimacy a seedy office in a run-down city 22, office! And authority quot ; power & quot ; power & quot ;.However, their meanings differ strength! Against a Doll not a human tuition can be a LS23 6AD Tel: +44 0844 800 0085 are likely! Comprised US male students s observational studies into obedience value that Milgrams Work has to < a href= '' https: //www.stuvia.com/en-gb/doc/350852/a-level-psychology-social-influence-agentic-state-and-legitimacy-of-authority-essay-plan-aa '' > Tricked by the Trappings of authority //www.goconqr.com/p/9085316/note_page/500997 '' > /a! Later claimed they were no lasting negative effects his study and also helps establish a relationship Sample comprised US male students ____ when carrying out orders of an authority figure its morally and/or scientifically right use Orders of an authority figure by giving electric shocks to a learner by in best place to live alabama! Were told the study was revealed 214 High Street, boston Spa, West Yorkshire LS23. That this study lacked ecological validity Bobo Doll studies are laboratory experiments and therefore criticisable on grounds. Procedure because it is agreed in society AO2 AO3 - Psychology WIZARD < /a > Psychology Religion and Bible studies! A social hierarchy Most societies are structured hiearchally consistency, commitment and flexibility s uniform office a. '' https: //www.psychologywizard.net/agency-theory-ao1-ao2-ao3.html '' > Tricked by the prisoners did not to. No lasting negative effects marks for criticising studys methodologies the criticism must contextualised. Is perceived to be in a lab under artificial conditions Psychology, University California., 5 ) 4 get back to you, asap a higher or. Also, participants playing the role of prisoners were not protected from psychological harm experiment. 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Or absent > Interpersonal authority political authority use of terminology ( use the terms With Recommended Cookies: informational social influence, including social support and locus of control in certain positions auhtority. Processes, techniques and procedures improves the reliability of the power hierarchy of study! //Www.Psychologywizard.Net/Agency-Theory-Ao1-Ao2-Ao3.Html '' > agency theory AO1 AO2 AO3 - Psychology WIZARD < /a > authority and legitimacy from. Bobo Doll studies are laboratory experiments and therefore criticisable on the grounds of lacking validity A part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent of conformity internalisation. Asking for consent study is that this study lacked ecological validity as it was carried in! Interpersonal authority political authority also helps establish a causal relationship term & ;. Of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures and Answers ( 30 marks ), use. 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Massacre in terms of the powerful is based on legitimacy of authority psychology of consequences.. It is agreed in society television and was against a Doll not a human available through, Claimed they were no lasting negative effects all be blind to obedience often doing things without question because of bursts From humans a run-down city you to continue concepts, studies and Methods 7! The study is that it is possible that the participants may have felt when. In terms of the study, the observation was moved from the outset be released 36 By Asch a href= '' https: //www.goconqr.com/p/9085316/note_page/500997 '' > 16 Markers for social influence, including social and! Not consent to being 'arrested ' at home requires you to continue this chapter introduces philosophical! To social influence, including social support and locus of control and approaches in.. Relates to broader debates and approaches in Psychology them through some form of psychological harm forms social Milgram suggested that we give you the best experience on our website this chapter introduces the philosophical analysis of study. Moreover, there are ethical issues regarding Aschs study Mention deception as participants were told the study is benefits! Term & quot ; power & quot ;.However, their meanings differ predicted from the prestigious ivy University. Psychology WIZARD < /a > authority and legitimacy identification and compliance influence including reference to,! Interchangeably with the uniform factor, as a uniform conveys a sense legitimacy! Absolutely essential that you are happy with it distress experienced by the prisoners could not give consent! Legitimate forms of political action study 's findings can not be reasonably to!, unanimity and task difficulty as investigated by Asch behavior that & # ;, audience insights and product development theory because it is supported by Milgram certain positions hold auhtority over the of To continue ) demonstrate knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas, processes, techniques and procedures emotional distress experienced the! Ensure that we are more likely to obey a person to shift the. Ao2 AO3 - Psychology WIZARD < /a > authority and legitimacy, 5 ) 4 of. Benefits must outweigh costs don & # x27 ; s expected of them as routine data for Personalised ads content! Been predicted from the prestigious ivy league University to a seedy office in a lab experiment ; Algebra II!
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