cultural practices examples in agricultureaims and objectives lab report

The system encourages the rapid spread of pests and diseases on the farm. Abiotic elements are thenon-livingfactors in an environment (light, temperature, wind, precipitation, gasses). so cultural practices in crop production can be divided into different groups. These practices also help farmers avoid unnecessary expenses related to pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Spacing refers to the distance within and between crop plants in a farmland. This is the practice of putting a farmland under cultivation continuously, that is. sun and rain drops. The ensures efficient utilization of labour throughout the year. The correct date of planting should be celebrated so that farmers can reap the full benefits of their efforts. Examples of crop plants that require staking are tomato and yam. Manipulating these is often difficult in the landscape. 5. Cultural practices are a set of cultural and social activities that people use to communicate, educate, and express themselves. Site Clearing: Bush clearing is done to prepare the land for farming. What are cultural beliefs? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Give the advantages and disadvantages of each cropping system The way a farmland is cropped varies from one farmer to the other system adopted may depend on the available farmland, the of agriculture (whether subsistence or commercial), the need of the farmer and so on. stubble mulch. One such species is the praying mantis, which feeds on almost any type of insect, from larvae to adults. What are 3 cultural practices? Cultural practices are classified into: pre-planting operation. Insect predators live in most habitats and are known for actively seeking their prey. However, if you sow the seeds early, your yield will increase and you'll save a lot of money. Caterpillars, grasshoppers and beetles all have chewing mouthparts. Staking is usually done before flowering. 2. 3. and the subsequent drying is a form of processing. Thinning practice reduces over crowding and crop competition for nutrients, space and sunlight. The ball of earth system. This involves the covering of the surface soil with any material to prevent loss of water or keep. In one year, the plant grows a lot more than the normal amount. Seed bed orientation . (c) Ridging: This is the last stage in land preparation for planting of seeds or seedlings.It can be done by means of Indian hoes tractor driven disc ridger or mouldboard ridger. Among the Xo Dang, adaptation strategies are the use of flora and fauna indicators, the use of native plant varieties, and adjustments in planting calendars and irrigation practices. SOIL MICRO-ORGANISMS4. Too much light can lead to sun scalding whereas too little light can cause poor vigor. (b) Crops that belong to the same group should not also follow each other on the same plot, e.g. Cultural practices are all the activities carried out on the farm before during and after planting of crop seeds or seedlings. How To Become A Dangote Cement Distributor In Ghana, How To Start A Cashew Nut Business In Ghana, How To Start A Nylon Production Business In Ghana, How To Start A Profitable Sugarcane Farming In Ghana, How To Start A Watermelon Farming In Ghana. The observation of correct date of planting enables crops to escape pests and diseases, failure of crops and maintain high yields. By establishing an area-wide host-free period, farmers can avoid the invasion of a specific pest. This kills many weeds. Seeds are planted in drills or broadcast as the case may be.The boxes are kept under shade. Avoid excessive watering in the nursery as this produces tiny seedlings which are easily attacked by diseases.Seed boxes or trays could be used as nursery.The boxes or trays are perforated below to allow in air and excess water to drain out. planting operation. 1. (j) Groundnut (Anichis hypogaea): 25cm apart and along rows. Reduces evapo-transpiration. Required fields are marked *. This involves the tilling or turning of the soil upside down.It can be done with a hoe, a spade, or a tractor driven plough in the tropical regions or mould-board plough, used mostly in the temperate regions. Plotting or laying out. Therefore, there could be a two-year, three-year, or tour-year crop rotation. cultural Practices in agriculture, Cultural practices are all the activities carried out on the farm before, during and after planting, cultural practices of crop seeds or seedlings. This means the land is cleared, tilled and cropped every season. United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. The harrow is the next equipment used after land has been ploughed. It improves the soil physical conditions such as infiltration rate of water in the. Green manure crops 7.Irrigation practices and others Roughing Strip farming Trap and decay crops Burning crop residue Fertilizers usage Time of sowing Sanitation Mogili Ramaiah Follow Advertisement Recommended Turning the soil (and weeds) changes the moisture content and habitat of the weeds. Thinning should be done when the soil is moist. 6. The number of crops involved in the rotation will determine the. This process involves the use of mulches, tillage, and plowing, as well as the thinning, pruning, and stirring of seedlings. Quick Navigation for Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Farming Methods 1. However, some of these plants can also be expected to serve as a host to insect and mite pests. You will need to implement these cultural practices in your field in order to get the best results. type of rotation. It is made with hoes and used for growing root and tuber crops such as yam, Cocoa-yam, cassava, potatoes and others. Your email address will not be published. The term is gaining in importance due to the increased controversy over "rights of cultural practice", which are protected in many jurisdictions for indigenous peoples and sometimes ethnic minorities. Observation of the correct date of planting in agriculture is an important part of agricultural science. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. These operations include the following: i. Thinning: This is the removal of weak, dead or excess plants/seedlings, so as to enable the better-established and healthy ones develop properly. Ensure that you sight them to give straight lines. A farmer can grow a variety of crops and save money on these crops by using genetically improved planting materials that are resistant to common diseases and pests. cultural management. Manures are applied during planting or just after planting and again before flowering for a good result.Manures must not be applied directly on the crops, but a few centimetres away from each stand. This is the removal of unwanted plants which grow among cultivated crops. ii. For instance, maize is grown between February and April but the actual day of planting a plot could be 28th of February, which becomes the sowing date. The Cultural practices associated with crop production are: Moulding : This is the gathering of soil around the plant to avoid soil erosion, and for proper aeration. Agriculture, farming, agricultural products and crops classification, cultural practices in agricultural science. iii. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. (c) Plant one crop on each plot, making sure the principles guiding the adoption of the system are adhered to. 1. Customs, laws, dress, architectural style, social standards, religious beliefs, and traditions are all examples of cultural elements. Required fields are marked *. ii. It is usually expressed in kilograms per hectare, when seeds are used for planting. Continue with Recommended Cookies, fabioclass knowledge home. 2. Farmers practiced letting their land rest and allowing the wild vegetation to restore the soil. The disc harrows are more suitable for use in tropical environment. This can be done either by hoeing, hand pulling, the use of cutlass or by chemical method which involves spraying the weeds herbicides cover crops could be planted to smother weeds. It is very common under subsistence agriculture and in are where farmlands are limited. For crop rotation to be successful, certain principles must be followed Principles of Crop Rotation. After harrowing it may possible to grow crops such as rice which do not require seed beds or ridges. Weed seeds are then buried below cultivated seeds. 4. Culture is the set of behaviors and habits that define a particular society. However, farmers observations may not be completely accurate. Web Site Maintenance: Neal Lee, Soil, Water, and Forage Testing Laboratory, Texas Plant Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Ornamental plants that are susceptible to arthropod pests, Using Native Plants in the Golf Course Landscape, A Field Guide to Common Texas Insects (Texas Monthly Fieldguide Series). Populations of species in the wild or natural habitat may persist or migrate from neighboring non-urbanized habitats. In addition, cultural practices can be beneficial to the environment by conserving water and minimizing the use of pesticides. To provide a suitable growth medium, thee parts of good top soil, two parts of properly decayed compost (not hot) and one part of river sand are mixed together and put in each box. Choice of site cultural practiceThe choice of a farm site is a part of the activities before planting. It gives uniformity in growth of field crops.6. Nursery and nursery practices A nursery is an area where seeds are first grown and tended till the seedling are strong or grown enough to be planted out in their permanent beds or fields. It is a good practice where land is scarce. The naked root system involves lifting seedlings without soil attached to the roots. It is dynamic and changing, and it is constantly evolving. They are types of pre-planting and post-planting activities. Their traditional way of life is passed down through oral tradition. Proper care is given to crops so as to escape pests and diseases attacks.4. Watering practices can be a major contributor to changing habitats. 3. Using the climate data collected, the Xo Dang has developed strategies to deal with the negative effects of climate change. This is why many cultures have developed ways to keep cool while working outside during hot weather. This is when two crops are grown together with the crop planted last being harvested first. An example is the growing of maize and together. Cultural methods were divided into active composting, fertilizing, and slash and burn farming. c. Burning: This may be optional, depending on the volume of trash. The importance of rice cultivation to the Xo Dang community has been acknowledged in their agricultural practices. Vegetables, especially the leafy types require wet period for their growth and production. What are Cultural practices in agriculture and examples? The control of weeds is easy. Urban agriculture 5. It is constructed with a hoe for growing tuber crops such as yam and cassava. But how do farmers apply these practices in practice? In staking, plants with trailing stems are supported with stakes so as to allow them grow well, get exposed to enough sunlight, and be free from soil-pests attack, etc. This is because herbicides can be used. 3. 1. Maize, sorghum, melon, cowpea, groundnut, soya beans, okra, millet, cotton etc. Under mixed cropping, the farmer could practice any of the following: This is the growing of two crops together on the same land. Yam is therefore said to be inter-cropped with melon. . For instance, in dryer habitats, irrigation can favor new vegetation patterns while discouraging or eliminating host-plant species previously common to the area. 10 Claude Lambert In agriculture, cultural practices refer to a set of practices, or ideals, that are common to a particular culture. Where die polythene bags are used, they should be cut off carefully before putting the plant into the ground. it is expressed in numbers of stands per hectare. v. Harvesting: This is the act of collecting mature crop products from the field, either for immediate consumption, processing, marketing or storage. A standard nursery bed is 1,20m by 7.50m in size. Each step is documented in a work plan. Insect predators are another important part of cultural practices in agriculture for pest control. The fertility of the soil is easily exhausted. Before planting: Late yam is sown between March and July, June or November around the riverine areas as early crop. It is spaced 1m apart. Ghanaian farmers are encouraged to adopt staking practices to increase the yield of their crops. The weakest of the plants on the stand is usually the one to be removed. The results can be further analyzed using the tricot approach. The trench between two ridges is called furrow.Tie-ridges can be constructed at intervals between two ridges especially in the school farms. Choice of Site: Consideration for site selection should be based on the size of the farm, type of the crops to be established, fertility of the soil, topography of the land, water availability, place of work, accessibility to road and market, etc. Staking is the act of providing stakes or certain plant or wood to enable the crop plants stand erect and prevent lodging. The peeling of cassava takes place in the farm before final conversion into garri, fufu or starch.In cocoa production, the extraction of the beans from the ripe pod, fermentation and drying of the beans take place, in most cases, in the farm. Cultural practices are all the activities carried out on the farm before, during and after planting of crop seeds or seedlings.They air classified into pre-planting, planting and post-planting operation. 2. Cultural institutions (see also Cultural Institutions Studies) Natural resource management. Near-organic and Inorganic Insecticides, Equal Opportunity for Educational Programs Statement, The Importance of Using Native Plants in the Landscape. It is suitable for vegetable crop production, though, other crops such as tobacco, cocoa, and citrus could be raised first in a seed bed; (nursery bed), ft is usually 1.20 m wide and 25 m long for a standard bed. New strains of an organism may develop that will attack resistant varieties or become tolerant to certain pesticides when these . Agro-Service Centre or Seed Multiplication Units. Post-Planting Operations: These are activities that are carried out after the crops are planted or transplanted up to the time of harvesting. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. ORGANIC MANURING5. Soil types nutrients status, soil and water conservation methods to be sued on the land. The authors speculated that the increased aeration and exposure of foliage may have enhanced photosynthetic activities and subsequently, increased fruit size. It includes beliefs, values, religion, and specific lifestyles. Pre-Planting Operations: These include all forms of operations/activities, carried out in the farm before planting can effectively take place. In addition to increasing yield, good agronomic practices can also increase the quality of horticultural crops. Watering practices can be a major contributor to changing habitats. vi. Seeds too small to be planted directly or at stake or in the site are produced through nursery.2. Cultural Practices in the farm are all those activities that take place before, during, and after field cultivation and planting. They are referred to as Pre-planting, Planting, And Post-planting operations. From the pole A, take a base line AB 4m long with a string tied to the pole. Reduces evapo-transpiration. However, it may be necessary to construct set beds or ridges for other crops such as yam,tomato and groundnut after harrowing.This will necessitate the exact operation which is ridging. 3. It also leads to specialization among farmers. It leads to destruction of soil structure which may facilitate soil erosion. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Harvesting of crops can be carried out manually through the use of knife, sickle, cutlass and hoe.In very large farms, harvesting is done with the aid of mechanical harvesters and other devices. Both situations can reduce plant health and lead to pest problems. 4. The Xo Dang people are one of the 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam. Maize, which is usually planted first, is also harvest first. Processing is the next step in the production process and starts right on the farm site. It is usually the first equipment to use on cleared farmland. These practices may range from simple concepts to elaborate farmscape methods. Biological Control of Plant Diseases. Thanks for the suggestions shared by means of your blog. These activities reduce the cost of soil preparation, increase the efficiency of harvesting, and reduce erosion and other problems associated with agricultural practices. In addition to assessing farmer learning, it also helps measure the influence of the environment, soil, and crop variety on farmer observations. It does not afford the farmer a variety of crops.2. WeedingThe major problem facing farmers in crop production is weed control. a. By following best agricultural practices, you can make yourself and other farmers look good. These practices are usually used in diversified farming systems, particularly on small farms. cassava should not follow yam, or to follow maize. Soil Formation: Agents And Processes Of Soil Formation. A belief is usually a generalization. Choice of site cultural practice The choice of a farm site is a part of the activities before planting. See more about recognizing insect damage. It encourages aggregation of particles for better contact between seed roots and soil.3. This done to make cultivation easier and free from obstruction. Extension entomology programs provide identifications, fact sheets and publications. The term cultural practices is used to refer to both as is and should be behavior. Moreover, the increased population ensures that youll have a steady market for your produce. v. Transplanting: This is the process of removing the seedling from the nursery to the field, where they will be allowed to establish until maturity and harvesting. It serves as insurance against the failure of one type of crops. Disease is an abnormal condition in crop plant that may show in some part or on the whole plant causing damage to the crop. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The purpose of tillage is the same whether hand tools or mechanized equipment are used.Importance of land tillage practices. dont forget to use the comment box and leave a message or suggestion and we will get back to you within seconds. Plants with weak stems are propped to provide support. 9. It serves a variety of functions for agricultural production, including marketing, crop protection, and disease prevention. It is usually done by hand and practiced when the crop plants are very young. A good post-planting operation is an insurance against crop failure, and good follow-up activities. It may take any of forms: Planting annual crops which are replaced after harvesting. Planting Date: This varies with crops, species and climatic factors. Avoid using pesticides and fertilizers, as these will increase the cost of production. Fact Sheets - Cultural Practices. Your email address will not be published. This is done either manually by hand-picking or by use of mechanical means like simple harvesters, combined harvesters, mechanical reapers, etc. It is practiced with vegetable crops and cereal such as maize. In addition, different reference systems may reflect differences in local pressures, group preferences, and other factors. It also limits the effect of temperature fluctuation on crops. Date of plantingThis refers to the period of the year at which a particular crop sown in order to produce wellIt is usually after the First rainfall in the year for most crops except where irrigation is practicedHowever, planting date varies for different crops. Pricking: Removal of seedlings at two-leaf from pre-nursery with nursery. The cultural traditions that persist over time include ways of rearing children, ways of behaving towards relatives and friends, traditional holidays and what you do on those holidays, how to treat men and women respectfully, who is friend and who is foe, how to treat elders, what to eat, etc. Labour may not be efficiently utilized throughout the year. Therefore, the farmers observations should be accurate. Pruning encourages better canopy formation, more light penetration and improved air movement. Most producers are aware of the importance of proper seed rates for their crops. You can read some of most interesting topics below, LIVER FLUKE162. They help to keep water in the furrow for plant use in the ridges and prevent water erosion.Ridging increases the depth of surface soil for better crop growth.Manure is better provided for crop use during ridging. Cultural practices are low-cost activities that create a favorable environment for plant growth. This is due to the of the crops. This is usually based on the report of soil survey. Your email address will not be published. Pe Tru dry rice is one example of a drought-tolerant variety. It enables the crops to make efficient use of soil nutrients. Water the nursery before transplanting.Transplanted seedlings should not be allowed to wilt.Therefore, water immediately after transplanting to enable the soil get in contact with the roots. This is why specific period of the year is recommended for the growing of various crops in the different parts of Nigeria and West Africa, for example, early maize is planted in the South between late February and April, late maize in August/September while it is planted June in the North. It leads to efficient utilization of labour. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Agroforestry and food forests 6. from year to year. Before cultivating your crops, follow cultural practices that will benefit your crop. 10. Staking: It is a situation whereby a stick is placed besides a . It is risky because crop failure arising from pest, diseases or weather conditions will result in total loss of income to the farmer for that year. e. Plotting: This is the mapping out or demarcation of farm lands into plots. Your email address will not be published. an online school. Heirloom and older varieties 8. cultural practices are classified into pre-planting, planting and post-planting operation. Planting Depth: This is the sowing depth required or allowed for the plant to perform well in the field. It also allows space for carrying out cultural practices such as weeding fertilizer application pest control and so on. If youre planning to plant several crops in one area, you should understand how to implement this cultural practice in the best way. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. The boxes are sometimes made to specification of 53cm by 9cm either with wood or metal. Harvesting implement includes, sickle, cutlass, go-to-hell, etc. 4. As new elements are added or removed from the environment, conditions change to favor different species or groups of species. d. Stumping: This involves the use of farm tools like the cutlass, spade, mattock, axe, bull-dozer, etc, to manually or mechanically remove/uproot the base of trees and shrubs. The presence of weeds in fish ponds inhibits the air and light available in the pond.This reduces the productivity of the fish in the pond. (iii) Flat seed bed: This is used in low rainfall areas or periods or level and well drained land. Common crop parts include tubers, leaves, fruits, and seeds. It required high amount of money to keep the land fertile and productive. A bed generally is a raised top soil with square or rectangular flat top. Learn how your comment data is processed. Natural animal raising 9. These people live primarily in mountainous areas of Quang Nam and Quang Ngai provinces. A nursery should he milled but not too thick to avoid the development tiny seedlings. Pruning is the removal of lower branches of crop plant using sharp cutlass. This is achieved by incorporating organic manure and inorganic fertilizers into the soil. A standard ridge should be 25m long. Lots of people do are sent the notice that theyve been officially dumped by their own insurance company they then have to fight to get added insurance after a cancellation. This is possible only through eco-friendly approaches of farming system like cultural practices for pest management. Among the tools required here are ranging poles and measuring tapes. Supplying: This is the replacement of dead seedlings with other planting materials, so as not to allow the creation of unnecessary spaces. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Broccoli and Summer Heat. erecting cover to shield seedlings from sunshine is a typical example of cultural practice in crop production. They are referred to as Pre-planting, Planting, And Post-planting operations. The decayed products increase the water-holding capacity of the soil.Mulching provides ways of utilizing waste products from crop production, e.g. In IPM, cultural and physical practices are those activities involved in caring for plants, such as site and cultivar selection, creating habitats for beneficial insects, weeding, watering, nutrient management, etc. 6. This is because there are always food and alternative hosts for them. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Childcare practices. Farm Level ProcessingProcessing is the conversion of crop products into other forms more acceptable or convenient to the consumers. 4. If the tricot approach is successful, it can be applied to other farming studies. 2. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. These are activities carried out on the farm after planting has been done. Where crop rotation system is practiced, stumping is done. 5. Chemical pesticides are killing our agriculture and encouraging many problems in human being. Seed rate refers to the quantity of seeds required to plant one hectare of land. The plough cuts and inverts large lumps soil. The ball of earth involves lifting seedlings with earth or soil around the roots. Consideration is usually given to crops with small seeds and those with less viability in nursery establishment. However, the benefits of such initiatives are clear: they will reduce the adverse effects of climate change on agricultural sectors in southern Africa. Yields me normally reduced with increasing years of cropping. Permaculture 2. The ease of transporting farm produce and sale also guard the choice of a farm site. Cultures that live in cold climates must use their energy wisely because they cannot afford to waste it by staying indoors all day long. filling-in as a cultural practice in crop production is The replacement of seeds that fail to germinate or seedling that dies. It makes possible the use of machines in farm operation. The disc plough is more suitable for use in heavy, stick) and dry tropical sails with the mouldboard plough. 2. Careful selection of elements removed or added to the environment will dictate which species will be encourage or discouraged. They include choice of site, bush clearing, burning of trash, mound making, mulching, nursery preparation, pricking out, thinning and hardening. erecting cover to shield seedlings from sunshine is a typical example of cultural practice in crop production. This is a raised heap with circular base. Dietary preferences and culinary practices. Feeding symptoms are often easier to detect than the pests themselves. (iv) It is usually manually done. (iv) Nursery sites should have good top soil with good drainage(v) Seeds are mostly broadcast or drilled and lightly covered with soil.



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