In Corinth, Jason became engaged to marry Creusa (sometimes referred to as Glauce), a daughter of the King of Corinth, to strengthen his political ties. GreekMythology.com editors write, review and revise subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a "Certified Fresh" approval rating of 89% based on 45 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The Mightiest . Jason released the dove as advised, which made it through, losing only a few tail feathers. Pelias was the progeny of a union between their shared mother, Tyro ("high born Tyro"), the daughter of Salmoneus, and the sea god Poseidon. And, in her prow was placed a timber from the sacred grove of Zeus at Dodona that had the power of prophecy. Jason's heroic exploits rank up there as one of the greatest stories in Greek mythology. The only way to reach Colchis was to sail through the Symplegades (Clashing Rocks), huge rock cliffs that came together and crushed anything that traveled between them. The Argo then spoke and said that they should seek purification with Circe, a nymph living on the island of Aeaea. Medea distracted her father, who chased them as they fled, by killing her brother Apsyrtus and throwing pieces of his body into the sea; Aeetes stopped to gather them. The Kingdom of Colchis was a wealthy area in what is now modern Georgia where according to Greek mythology King Aetes hung the Golden Fleece until it was seized by Jason and the Argonauts 'The end result of this technique of gold recovery river gravels was a gold imprinted sheepskin, giving rise to the romantic and unidentified phenomena of . Once Jason and the Argonauts had found out from the blind man that they must pass through the Crashing Rocks, they sailed there and watched as another ship was sunk by the rocks. Heracles was among those guarding the ship at the time and managed to kill most of them before Jason and the others returned. The third time she told him about the island with the bronze statues. This version, written in the 3rd century BC by Apollonius, is . A heavy din of thumping heads and clattering teeth arose, drowning out the crowd. For the given name "Jason", see, The Argonauts and the Quest for the Golden Fleece. The god Hermes, disguised as Pelias's soothsayer, watches as the infant Jason, Aristo's son, is spirited away by one of Aristo's soldiers. In contrast to each other, Amycus appeared as a monstrous son of the Earth while Polydeuces appeared as a bright star in heaven. It is here that Medea does the most extreme, seemingly horrendous, thing in her love and devotion for Jason. Thomas Bulfinch has an antecedent to the interaction of Medea and the daughters of Pelias. The Argos next landfall was at the home of once-renowned King Phineus the prophet who was cursed by Zeus with blindness, lingering old age and tormented by Harpies, raucous birds with the heads of old women and razor-sharp claws. Aeson's wife Alcimede I had a newborn son named Jason whom she saved from Pelias by having female attendants cluster around the infant and cry as if he were still-born. When Jason and the Argonauts finally land on Colchis, they must overcome the opposition of King Aetes (Jack Gwillim) to accomplish their mission of removing the Golden Fleece. The Argo was constructed by the shipwright Argus, and its crew were specially protected by the goddess Hera. He asked Medea to take some years from his life and add them to the life of his father. They stopped at The Isle of Lemnos, The Gegeines, Salmydessus in Thrace, and The Symplegades. Terms of service. While the Son of Zeus went in search of a tall and strong pine to replace the oar he had snapped during his lusty rowing, his companion, Hylas, was kidnapped as he was fetching water. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. After Lemnos the Argonauts landed among the Doliones, whose king Cyzicus treated them graciously. Afterwards, everyone celebrated in a grand feast and, as a reward, Phineus used his gift of prophecy to counsel the Argonauts in their future journey. The legendary Greek hero leads a team of intrepid adventurers in a perilous quest for the legendary Golden Fleece. He thought this would get rid of Jason. There is no refusal of the call. Jason appeared in the Hercules episode "Hercules and the Argonauts" voiced by William Shatner. He was married to the sorceress Medea. Jason and his friends made the man master of the Harpies and in return the man told them where to go to find the Golden Fleece. logo It's about a hero, with particularly human traits, named Jason. It took Ray Harryhausen well over three months to animate the, Both shared a common mother, the beautiful, In an interview with John Landis, John said "I noticed you left out, "Ray Harryhausen on making Jason and the Argonauts", "Bernard Herrmann | Biography, Movie Highlights and Photos", "Ray Harryhausen, Whose Creatures Battled Jason and Sinbad, Dies at 92", "Resident Evil: Retribution Umbrella Goes Public", "GCD:: Series:: Jason and the Argonauts", The Golden Fleece and the Heroes Who Lived Before Achilles, Hercules separating the mounts Calpe And Abyla, Lat uns sorgen, lat uns wachen, BWV 213, Hercules and Xena The Animated Movie: The Battle for Mount Olympus, Fire Monsters Against the Son of Hercules, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jason_and_the_Argonauts_(1963_film)&oldid=1117338070, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Hera does not attempt to kill Pelias herself by drowning him in the river, In the film, Hylas was killed when the crumbling remains of Talos crushed him. In a bitter feud, he overthrew Aeson (the rightful king), killing all the descendants of Aeson that he could. Talos falls to the ground, crushing Hylas and hiding his body. Scott has paid for this website and volunteering by years of hard work as a graphic designer. Greek text available from the same website. And what happened next, my children, whether it be true or not, stands written in ancient songs, which you shall read for yourselves some day. The precious item was owned by the King of Colchis, King Aeetes. Shot in Eastman Color, the film was made in collaboration with . King Pelias asks Jason to go retrieve the Golden Fleece in exchange for his kingdom. Advertisement In pre-Hellenistic Greco-Roman geography, Colchis (Ancient Greek: ) was an exonym for the Georgian polity of Egrisi (Georgian: ) located on the coast of the Black Sea, centered in present-day western Georgia. Accessed 06 October 2022. Weve posted stories about adventures and dreams since before blogs and social media were invented. Pelias, fearing that his ill-gotten kingship might be challenged, consulted an oracle, who warned him to beware of a man wearing only one sandal. Hera tells him Zeus has decreed that she can help him only five times. A huge wave carries them up the Bosphorus, and they land in Bethynia. Apple, the Apple logo, iPhone and iPad are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and Upon Jason's refusal to turn back, when the Argo tries to row through, the ship appears doomed as well. Jason then assembled four dozen of Greeces greatest heroes, including Heracles, the legendary son of Zeus; Theseus, slayer of the Minotaur; Orpheus, the great poet and musician; Castor and Polydeuces, also known as the Gemini Twins; Atalanta, a great huntress; the seers, Idmon and Mopsus; the winged brothers, Zetes and Calais; the fathers of many future Trojan War heroes, and many others fated to never return home. The film score was composed by Bernard Herrmann, who had partnered with Harryhausen on The 7th Voyage of Sinbad (1958), The 3 Worlds of Gulliver (1960) and Mysterious Island (1961). 1 The Argonauts got their name by combining the name of the ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus, with the ancient Greek word, "naut," meaning voyager. Jason finds the quest intriguing. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Online version at the Topos Text Project. To aid in his quest, Jason summoned Argos the shipbuilder who, with the help of Athena, constructed the largest and swiftest ship to set sail the Argo. After tangling with various fantastic obstacles put in his path by Zeus, Jason reaches the far-off land of Colchis. As a result, Medea aided Jason in his tasks. The Golden Fleece was so close and yet still far away. But in their path stood the Argonauts and a great battle ensued. During Jasons return to Iolcus, he encountered a feeble old woman requesting to be carried across the river Anaurus. Meanwhile, on Colchis, the princess Medea has visions of the crew and her brother Aspyrtes goes out to find them. Unable to discover where the rock had come from, the soldiers attacked and defeated one another. Medea was the daughter of Aeetes, who ruled the remote kingdom of Colchis. Jason and the Argonauts finally arrive at Colchis. [4] Pelias' daughters saw this and wanted the same service for their father. I recommend you start by readingWhat is an argonaut? [5], Although Jason calls Medea most hateful to gods and men, the fact that the chariot is given to her by Helios indicates that she still has the gods on her side. Fortunately, Jason didnt hesitate to transport the old woman because she was actually Queen Hera in disguise. So with great scorn and arrogance, King Amycus confronted the Argonauts and challenged the bravest among them to raise his hands in battle. Please donate to help with our cost, or to fund a, The story of Jason and the Argonauts for kids, illustrated kids version of Jason and the Argonauts. The formidable foes let loose a fury of blows. Jason is able to kill the beast and take the Fleece. Amycus's army attack the Argonauts, the heroes fight back and sack their city. Ray Harryhausen regarded the film as his best. Although it was a box-office disappointment during its initial release, the film was critically acclaimed and later became a cult classic. She fled to Athens in a chariot of dragons sent by her grandfather, the sun-god Helios. Medea cast a spell on Talos to calm him; she removed the bronze nail and Talos bled to death. He was the son of Aeson (the rightful King of Iolcus) and Polymede (the daughter of Autolycus), and was once married to the sorceress Medea. Jason and the Quest for the Golden Fleece: The Colchis Days, which unabashedly enjoyed the man-free island of Lemnos and accidently killed the kind king of Cyzicus and many of his trusted men, Jason and the Quest for the Golden Fleece - Classical Wisdom Weekly, The All Seeing Greek but Overlooked God: Helios - Classical Wisdom Weekly, Minkowskis Block-Universe Computational Framework Egodeath theory, History of Developing the Egodeath Theory The Egodeath theory, Mytheme: {spear/dagger/wound} = cybernetic death & rebirth The Egodeath theory, Top Ten: Most Terrifying Monsters Of Greek Mythology, Five Reasons Why Socrates Was A Terrible Husband, Prometheus The Creation of Man and a History of Enlightenment, The 5 Most Powerful Creatures From Mythology. Medea provided an ointment that protected him from the oxen's flames. Hera directs Jason to seek out Phineus, who has been blinded and is tormented by harpies for misusing Zeus's gift of prophesy. Isn [i.sn]) was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece featured in Greek literature. Jason eventually succeeded to pass the trials and kill the never-sleeping dragon that guarded the fleece, and retrieved it. Jason and the Argonauts (working title: Jason and the Golden Fleece) is a 1963 Anglo-American independent mythological fantasy adventure film distributed by Columbia Pictures. Straightaway, the Argonauts prepared a feast to bait the Harpies. Henceforth, named after their ship, this band of heroes was known as the Argonauts. The Medea of Euripides takes up the story at a later stage,Read More He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. The statue comes to life and attacks the Argonauts. The film ultimately omits the story of Medea killing and butchering her own brother, This page was last edited on 21 October 2022, at 05:13. Aetes then sows the Hydra's teeth and prays to the goddess Hecate. The saga of the ARGONAUTS [ar'goh-nawtz] concerns the quest for the Golden Fleece by Jason and the crew of the ARGO [ar'goh], . Personally, I find it fascinating how this myth has embedded itself in our culture. However, unknown to Pelias, Aesons wife bore a son named Jason. Only the queen, Hypsipyle, had spared her father and set him adrift on the ocean in a casket. Jason and the Argonauts: Part 1 > Part 2 > Part 3. But were Jason and the Argonauts real? A scene from the classic 1963 stop-motion movie. Jason asked Argos for his help. She directs him to search for the Fleece in the land of Colchis. She butchers her own brother and spreads his remains into the sea forcing her father to collect whats left of his son and abandon the pursuit. However, in mythology, Hylas was actually kidnapped by a, The harpies were not caught in a net or caged, but were chased away by the, Jason was not betrayed by Acastus in the classical tale. The Argonauts realized their horrible mistake when dawn came and held a funeral for him. It would be a perilous voyage to Colchis. Because of a prophecy that Jason would . Jason and the Argonauts, (also known as Jason and the Golden Fleece) is a 2000 American television film directed by Nick Willing and produced by Hallmark Entertainment. Disarmed, Acastus jumps into the sea and disappears. Advised by the Goddess Athena, he built a ship with fifty oars called the Argo to take Jason and his selected crew to Colchis. Website. Jason and the Argonauts, happened on Friday, July 26, 1963, at theatres all over Chicagoland. are Averting Jasons certain death at the hand of Pelias, his mother secreted him to the cave of Chiron, a wise and noble centaur. According to other legends she contained in her prow a magical piece of timber from the sacred forest of Dodona, which could speak and render prophecies. Isn [i.sn]) was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece featured in Greek literature. Jason agreed to his uncles task, eager to prove he was worthy to rule a kingdom. Jason and Medea had finally escaped with the Golden Fleece. In the company of other heroes, the Argonauts, he set off on a fabulous and dangerous journey. Athena cut a beam for it from the oak at Dodona which belonged to her father, the great god Zeus. The Historical Argonauts. Refusal of the Call. However, Hercules steals a brooch pin the size of a javelin from a building filled with treasure and surmounted by a gigantic bronze statue of Talos. As soon as Phineus laid his hands upon the food, cackling Harpies appeared like bolts of lightning. Colchis was celebrated in Greek mythology as the destination of the Argonauts, the home of Medea and the special domain of sorcery. was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece featured in Greek literature. JASON AND THE ARGONAUTS THE QUEST FOR THE GOLDEN FLEECE From Iolkos in Thessaly to Colchis in the Black Sea Colchis Aia; At the 1992 Academy Awards, in honoring Ray Harryhausen with a lifetime-achievement award, actor Tom Hanks remarked: "Some people say Casablanca or Citizen Kane. Website, 19 Sep. 2015, In despair, Jason throws Phineus's amulet into the water, whereupon Triton rises up and holds the rocks apart long enough for the Argo to pass. Soon the Bebrycians were trampling over themselves as they fled home. "Colchis." Jasons first duty was to plow a field with the Khalkotauroi, or fire breathing oxen, which Jason himself had to yoke. Because the murder has profaned her temple, Hera becomes Jason's protector. Seeing this, they rowed strongly and made it through with minor damage at the extreme stern of the ship. Acastus, the son of Pelias, challenges Jason authority and fights with him but escapes by diving into the sea and survives to warn Artes the king of Colchis that Jason was after the Golden Fleece. They request Eros to fire one of his enchanted arrows at the King's daughter Medea, causing her to . She was then translated into the sky and turned into the constellation of Argo Navis. His second assignment required that he sow the teeth of a dragon into a field. The Argonauts see another ship trying to pass through the other way, only to be crushed and sunk when the Clashing Rocks smash together. Jason is the Greek legendary hero best known for his leadership of the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece and for his wife Medea (of Colchis). It would be a perilous voyage to Colchis. The poem ends abruptly with the request of Medea to accompany Jason on his homeward voyage. The task is for Jason to retrieve the Golden Fleece, kept beyond the edge of the known world in a land called Colchis (modern-day Georgia in Southwest Asia). Jason and his men land and accept an invitation from King Aetes to a feast. For MLA style citation use: GreekMythology.com, The Editors of Website. When Medea confronted Jason about the engagement and cited all the help she had given him, he retorted that it was not she that he should thank, but Aphrodite who made Medea fall in love with him. However, Aeetes asked Zeus to punish Medea and Jason in order to get revenge for his son's unfair death. based on their working experience or advanced studies. After saving the life of his royal father's usurper, Pelias (Douglas Wilmer), whom he fails to recognize, Jason (Todd Armstrong) is encouraged by the conniving murderer to begin a . Advanced. In the darkness, the Doliones took them for enemies and they started fighting each other. Upon clearing the rocks, the Argonauts rescue a survivor from the other ship lost, the wonderfully and deadly attractive Medea, high priestess of Colchis. The Sirens lived on three small, rocky islands called Sirenum scopuli and sang beautiful songs that enticed sailors to come to them, which resulted in the crashing of their ship into the islands. For twenty years Chiron schooled Jason in the arts of the ancient world until the time came for him to claim his birthright. When Orpheus heard their voices, he drew his lyre and played music that was more beautiful and louder, drowning out the Sirens' bewitching songs. [26] Colchis likely had a diverse population. By contrast, the Argonauts' return route has been the subject of a bewildering array of interpretations, largely due to the changing Greek understanding of geography and the complications greater knowledge caused when trying to map a myth developed in an age of . Jason in Greek mythology. Jason assembled for his crew, a number of heroes, known as the Argonauts after their ship, the Argo. Chiron had told Jason that without the aid of Orpheus, the Argonauts would never be able to pass the Sirensthe same Sirens encountered by Odysseus in Homer's epic poem the Odyssey. The men then took concubines from the Thracian mainland opposite, and the spurned women, angry at Aphrodite, killed all the male inhabitants while they slept. Medea had previously warned Jason of this and told him how to defeat this foe. What lived in the land beyond Bear Mountain were the Gegeines, which are a tribe of Earthborn giants with six arms and wore leather loincloths. [5], Creusa's father, Creon, burned to death with his daughter as he tried to save her. The Argonauts are immediately imprisoned when they get three, but Medea who has fallen in love with Jason helps him. Zeus, the King of the Gods, had given a golden ram to Jason's ancestor Phrixus. https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Places/Colchis/colchis.html. Fortunately Medea already had insider knowledge these spartoi were not particularly intelligent. Just like these gods, Medea "interrupts and puts a stop to the violent action of the human being on the lower level, justifies her savage revenge on the grounds that she has been treated with disrespect and mockery, takes measures and gives orders for the burial of the dead, prophesies the future," and "announces the foundation of a cult."[6]. On Olympus, Zeus tells Hera that, while Jason can enjoy his triumph, he is not done with Jason. Jason and the Argonauts' destination was the kingdom of Colchis, a large, coastal city famous at the time for harbouring a great wealth of gold. Colchis was a region in the Southern Caucasus that appeared in the story of Jason and the Golden Fleece, in Greek mythology.It was on the area where modern-day Georgia is now located. While most of the crew went into the forest to search for supplies, the Gegeines saw that few Argonauts were guarding the ship and raided it. However, King Pelias, Jasons Uncle, had no intention of relinquishing his rule. Contrasting with Herrmann's all-string score for Psycho, the film's soundtrack was made without a string section. It was owned by King Aeetes of Colchis. The Argonauts made a few stops on their way to retrieve the Golden Fleece in Colchis. GreekMythology.com https://www.greekmythology.com/Myths/Places/Colchis/colchis.html. The king promised Jason could have it if he performed three tasks, knowing full well they were impossible. Wood, Michael. Jason (Greek: , Etruscan: Easun, Laz: Yason) was a late ancient Greek mythological figure, famous as the leader of the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. Once some of the other Gegeines were killed, Jason and the Argonauts set sail. Jason was in despair, as it involved fire, mythical warriors and of course, a dragon. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos.He was married to the sorceress Medea.He was also the great-grandson of the messenger god Hermes, through his mother's . Talos had one blood vessel which went from his neck to his ankle, bound shut by only one bronze nail (as in metal casting by the lost wax method). [18], In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated the film for its Top 10 Fantasy Films list. He is shown to have been a student of Philoctetes and takes his advice to let Hercules travel with him. Acastus tries to steal the Fleece first, but is killed by its guardian, the Hydra. Medea is mortally wounded by an arrow, but Jason heals her with the Fleece. Add to FAVs. Aetes has the unwary Argonauts imprisoned, but Medea, having fallen in love with Jason, helps him and his men escape. This came true through Battus, a descendant of Euphemus. Jason's uncle Pelias had usurped the throne of Iolcos in Thessaly, which rightfully belonged to Jason's father, Aeson. When Jason arrived in Colchis. Credit. Weve been writing for a while about one of the most famous myths of Ancient Greece, Jason and the Quest for the Golden Fleece. As the ship docked, the women met in council and devised a plan to invite the Argonauts into their homes with gifts of food and wine and love, so they would, once again, have strong men to plow the fields in times of peace and take up arms in times of war. Jason's father is invariably Aeson, but there is great variation as to his mother's name. The events of Homer's Iliad were fantasy until Troy was unearthed in the late 1800's. And the voyage of the Argonauts seems to have a similar basis in fact. The Argonauts raised their sails and sang songs to Artemis, savior of ships. As the Argonauts approached, Phineus hobbled to the door to greet them for he had prophesized their coming and partaking of his food. Enraged, Polydeuces stepped forward to champion his brethren. Along with the Theban Wars, and the hunting of the Calendonian boar, the story of Jason is one of the three great pre-Trojan war adventures in Greek history. He was asleep under the stern of the rotting Argo when it fell on him, killing him instantly.[7]. Zeus asked his pray and drove the ship off course, to the island of Aeaea, where lived Circe, Medea's aunt. The Argonauts (/ r n t /; Ancient Greek: , Argonautai, 'Argo sailors') were a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War (around 1300 BC) accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece.Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus.They were sometimes called Minyans, after a . He paid homage to all the gods but Hera, Queen of the Gods, and he consulted the Delphic oracle who prophesized, A hateful doom awaits you to be slain by the hand of the man with but one sandal.. He spared his half-brother for unknown reasons.[1]. In the series The Heroes of Olympus's first novel The Lost Hero, there was a reference to the mythical Jason when Jason Grace and his friends encounter Medea. When Jason learned of this, Medea was already gone. Updated on October 29, 2019. Heracles pressured them to leave as he was disgusted by the antics of the Argonauts. The mythical geography of the voyage of the Argonauts has been connected to specific geographic locations by Livio Stecchini[23] but his theories have not been widely adopted. Oct 06, 2022. Jason again turns to Hera, who tells him to open a large plug on Talos's heel to release the giant's ichor. Jason set sail in a ship called the Argo, according to Apollonius (posted at Project Gutenberg), accompanied by a band of heroes known today as the Argonauts.These included Heracles, or Hercules, the twins Castor and Polydeuces (or Pollux), the singer Orpheus, and other "celebrities" of the Greek mythos.Apollonius tells us that one woman, the swift-running Atalanta, was considered but . [note 1]. Nevertheless since friends of Aeson decided to snatch the boy . Then, Jason sowed the teeth of a dragon into a field. The women had neglected their worship of Aphrodite, and as a punishment the goddess made the women so foul in stench that their husbands could not bear to be near them. The women of Lemnos lived for a while without men, with Hypsipyle as their queen. Queen of the Gods, Hera, convinced Aphrodite and her son, Eros, to ensure that Jason had help, in the form of King Aeetes daughter. 41 min read. Bernard Herrmann composed the soundtrack. Later Jason and Peleus, father of the hero Achilles, attacked and defeated Acastus, reclaiming the throne of Iolcus for himself once more. [14], Variety magazine wrote: "The $3 million film has a workable scenario and has been directed resourcefully and spiritedly by Don Chaffey, under whose leadership a colorful cast performs with zeal". While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Call to Adventure. Fortunately for Jason, the high-priestess Medea (Nancy Kovack) falls in love with him and goes against her . At dawn, it was with heavy hearts that Jason and the Argonauts realized that they had unwittingly left behind their bravest and strongest warrior. But, as you will see as you read Jason and the Argonauts and Medea, there is a darker side to this hero. Columbia was able to book it as a single feature in many "A" theatres in the United States. After the Argonauts capture and cage the harpies, Phineus tells them how to reach Colchis, by sailing between the Clashing Rocks. Aeson had held royalty first; but after a few years, Pelias having been lead by desire of royalty not only did he drive out his brother, but also planned to kill Jason, the son of Aeson. Pelias usurps the throne of Thessaly, killing King Aristo, but knows that a prophecy states that one of Aristo's children will avenge him. [3], Before they attacked him, he threw a rock into the crowd. In 2019, we celebrated twenty years online, outlasting millions of other websites, and we still rank in the top few percent of billions. (Exploring Your Mind) Jason and the Argonauts is one of the most fascinating ancient Greek myths. And, so it was fated that Heracles was to leave the Argo and perform the twelve labors set forth by Hera and to eventually become immortalized and join the ranks of gods on lofty Mount Olympus. Our apologies, you must be logged in to post a comment. In 1995, Intrada released a re-recording of the original score. Apart from being the composer's fourth collaboration with Ray Harryhausen (The 7th Voyage of Sinbad, The 3 Worlds of Gulliver, and Mysterious Island, made in 1958, 1960, and 1961 respectively), Herrmann also scored the science fiction films The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) and Journey to the Center of the Earth (1959).[6][7]. Greek. 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