[26] Sofia hosts some 1.24million[2] residents within a territory of 492km2,[27] a concentration of 17.9% of the country population within the 200th percentile of the country territory. The 126-metre (413ft) Capital Fort Business Centre is the first skyscraper in Bulgaria, with its 36 floors. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. The venue was inaugurated on 30 July 2011, and the first event it hosted was a friendly volleyball match between Bulgaria and Serbia. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. It has a humid continental climate. In July 2016 the Vitosha Metro Station was opened on the M2 main line. Increasing are frauds, drug-related crimes, petty theft and vandalism. The slopes are suitable for both experienced skiers beginners. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. The population of Sofia expanded rapidly due to migration from rural regions. In Sofia there are 607,473 dwellings and 101,696 buildings. During the reign of Justinian it flourished, being surrounded with great fortress walls whose remnants can still be seen today. The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. Newly admitted inmates are transported from county jails to one of several prison receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins. [163] It is the economic hub of Bulgaria and home to most major Bulgarian and international companies operating in the country, as well as the Bulgarian National Bank and the Bulgarian Stock Exchange. This process will consider behavior and such other objective factors as are available and relevant when assessing an individual's institutional security needs. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. As part of the 3-Tier prison system, Level 1 inmates are granted the highest levels of privilege and autonomy whenever possible (subject to operational needs of the facility). Many Bulgarian residents of Sofia armed themselves and sided with the Russian forces. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. were built. In addition, Sofia hosted EuroBasket 1957 and the 1961 and 1977 Summer Universiades, as well as the 1983 and 1989 winter editions. Line 1 provides a connection to Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, while Line 2 is the longest national railway and connects Sofia and Varna, the largest coastal city. [80], The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. (2009). It also has facilities for night skiing. [188] All major types of transport (except water) are represented in the city. These services are conducted under five initiatives. Within the municipality, three-quarters, or 965,328 people are recorded as having access to television at home and 836,435 (64.8%) as having internet. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". [45] The snowiest recorded winter was 1995/1996 with a total snowfall of 171cm (67.3in). Sofia is Bulgaria's capital and its largest city. Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. In the rotundas immediate proximity, in the underpass leading to the Serdika metro station, is The Saint. [51] The warmest year on record was 2019 with an annual temperature of 11.9C (53F).[52]. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. It is a favorite place for a days outing for young and old alike. Opportunities for sport and recreation in the capital are many and varied outdoor swimming pools, tennis courts, modern gymnasiums and sports halls, and parks. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. The data generated through the classification process can also be used for operational, management, and planning purposes. The ADOC Classification Manual is the document of direction in all matters of inmate classification and procedures thereunto. Nu Image acquired the studios to upgrade them into Nu Boyana Film Studios, used to shoot scenes for a number of action movies like The Expendables 2, Rambo: Last Blood and London Has Fallen.[147][148]. Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. These include Tsarigradsko shose, Cherni Vrah, Bulgaria, Slivnitsa and Todor Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the city's ring road. [82] The inscription and Dio Cassius told that the Roman general Crassus subdued the Serdi and behanded the captives. Demographic Information. We provide training for jail inspectors, a peer-training network for chief jail inspectors, information resources on standards and inspection, and related technical assistance. [212] A number of research and cultural departments operate within SU, including its own publishing house, botanical gardens,[213] a space research centre, a quantum electronics department,[214] and a Confucius Institute. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. When it comes to the cityscape, 16th century sources mention eight Friday mosques, three public libraries, numerous schools, 12 churches, three synagogues, and the largest bedesten (market) of the Balkans. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. [72] In response to hazardous spikes in air pollution, the Municipal Council implemented a variety of measures in January 2018, like more frequent washing of streets. For more information about the park, please contact the Vitosha Nature Preservation Information Center, located roughly 1 km from the Dragolevtsi Quarter, close to the Dragolevtsi Monastery. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. Borisov Park is right in the center of the city, and South Park is next to the National Palace of Culture. Population over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,400,384 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,500,120. During May and June, The Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in the festival Sofia Music Weeks. The capitals many theaters and galleries offer a wide range of interesting exhibits and shows. ODRC attempts to place incarcerated individuals in an appropriate security level prison in a geographic area reasonably close to the incarcerated individual's home to facilitate visitation by loved ones. While walking in the area, visitors will also see the Banya Bashi Mosque, built in the 16th century. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Inmates here usually have sentences up to 30 years to complete. 125 years a capital. Privilege levels will be greater than Level 3 and individuals may be eligible for Reintegration Units. 151156. LI, 25, 4 erhellt)", "Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. [141] As of 2015[update], the consumer-reported perceived crime risk on the Numbeo database was "high" for theft and vandalism and "low" for violent crimes; safety while walking during daylight was rated "very high", and "moderate" during the night. Near Sofia, in the Vitosha, Lozen, and Stara Planina (Central Balkan) Mountains, over the centuries so many monasteries have been founded that they came to be known as Sofias Holy Mountains. Three of those are operated by the BAS; one by Sofia Tech Park and one by the Faculty of Physics at Sofia University.[218]. The Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction maintains a uniform and objective classification level system that places incarcerated individuals in the appropriate facility to ensure the safety and security of other incarcerated individuals and staff, the institution, and the community. [105][106] In 1610 the Vatican established the See of Sofia for Catholics of Rumelia, which existed until 1715 when most Catholics had emigrated. The common head of Sofia Municipality and all the 38 settlements is the mayor of Sofia. The Saint Sofia Basilica, founded during the reign of Justinian (reign 527-565), is one of the oldest churches in the capital. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. The data says that roughly a third of the total population have already earned a university degree. [133], With a murder rate of 1.7/per 100.000 people (as of 2009[update]) Sofia is a quite safe capital city. The Sofia Zoological Garden in the southern part of the city is the countrys largest zoo. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and within days of the Soviet invasion Bulgaria declared war on Nazi Germany. Ivanova, Svetlana, "ofya", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. There are around 13,000 taxi cabs operating in the city. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). Sofia City, the underpass of Sofia University St. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. An effective system of inmate classification will reduce escapes and escape attempts, suicides and suicide attempts, and inmate assaults. Level 2 - A security level for individuals who are deemed in need of more supervision than Level 1, but less than Level 3. Roman emperors Aurelian (215275)[90] and Galerius (260311)[91] were born in Serdica. The 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake was also noticed in the city. After World War II and the establishment of a Communist government in Bulgaria in 1944, the architectural style was substantially altered. Unlike most European capitals, Sofia does not straddle any large river, but is surrounded by comparatively high mountains on all sides. Sofia is Bulgarias capital and its largest city. The city has an extensive green belt. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. Factors considered include, but are not limited to: Individuals will be placed at the lowest level of security possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. It occupies an area of 3,170 square metres (34,122 square feet) and can hold 10,000 people. Like every big city, Sofia has something for every taste. [38] In these documents the city is called Sofia, but at the same time the region and the city's inhabitants are still called Sredecheski (, "of Sredets"), which continued until the 20th century. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. As the city grew outwards, the then-new neighbourhoods were dominated by many concrete tower blocks, prefabricated panel apartment buildings and examples of Brutalist architecture. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sofia, the church can hold roughly 5,000 people, and on important Christian holidays, it is filled with believers. Read More August 16, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Receive report from the Office of the County Counsel relating to options for transferring rehabilitative jail functions to the Department of Correction and provide direction . "Als sie die Dentheleten angriffen, kam Crassus diesen zur. Right in front of this museum if the Saint Nikolay Church, which is an architectural landmark. [94] In the aftermath of the war, the city was permanently integrated in Bulgaria and became known by the Slavic name of Sredets. The city was called Atralisa by the Arab traveller Idrisi and Strelisa, Stralitsa or Stralitsion by the Crusaders. [208], Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities Sofia University (SU), the Technical University of Sofia, New Bulgarian University and the Medical University of Sofia. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail, Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies, Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators. Limes. Prison Classification. The oldest church in Sofia is the Saint George Rotunda. - , , "": ", "HE Prime Minister Presides Over Cabinet Regular Meeting", " , , , , ", "Sofia, Shanghai to become sister cities", "Sofia, Budapest to Cooperate in Culture, Tourism, Economy", "Acordos de geminao, de cooperao e de amizade", Sofia by Night Light: A Photographic Exhibition, Etymological list of provinces of Bulgaria, Institutional seats of the European Union, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sofia&oldid=1134415457, Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Articles with dead external links from May 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Bulgarian-language sources (bg), Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with possible motto list, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles containing Bulgarian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2009, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2021, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. A number of shallow rivers cross the city, including the Boyanska, Vladayska and Perlovska. Without a doubt, one of the most beautiful buildings in Sofia is the Ivan Vazov National Theater. As a consequence of the bombings thousands of buildings were destroyed or damaged including the Capital Library and thousands of books. A map of Sofia Valley. [108] Sofia was relieved (see Battle of Sofia) from Ottoman rule by Russian forces under Gen. Iosif Gurko on 4 January 1878. At this time the city was renamed Sredets (The Center), because of its central strategic location. The average temperature in January is 1 degree below zero Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July . [46] The record snow depth is 57cm (22.4in) (25 December 2001). We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. Serdika was the favorite city of Constantine the Great (reign 306-337), who said: Serdika is my Rome. In roughly 175, massive fortified walls, with four watchtowers were built to protect the city, and a second outer fortified wall was added during the 5th-6th centuries. [209] Sofia University was founded in 1888. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. The museum has one of the largest collections anywhere, with over 700,000 items of cultural importance. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. Sofia entered a period of economic and political decline in the 17th century, accelerated during the period of anarchy in the Ottoman Balkans of the late 18th and early 19th century, when local Ottoman warlords ravaged the countryside. Private automobile ownership has grown rapidly in the 1990s; more than 1,000,000 cars were registered in Sofia after 2002. We also sponsor a peer-training network for large jail administrators, including meetings and an online discussion forum. ", "Bulgarian Crime Where killing is a habit", "BBC NEWS Europe Romania and Bulgaria join the EU", Crime Rates in Bulgaria's Sofia on the Rise, " 10 000 , 7000 ", "UPDATE: Stallone Returning to NU BOYANA Film Studios in Bulgaria for 'Rambo 5', "Journey.bg History of the Sofia velodrome", "Swimming pools in Sofia (including Spa centers)", "Population | National statistical institute", " ", "Population and Demographic Processes in 2014 (Final data) National statistical institute", "Sofia ranks 30th in GDP/capita, employment growth 20132014 global report", "Global Metro Monitor An Uncertain recovery", "10 Top Cities Around The World To Launch Your Startup", "Regional gross domestic product (PPS per inhabitant at current market prices), by NUTS 3 regions", "Average monthly wages and salaries of the employees under labour contract by statistical regions and districts", "Coca-Cola Opens Its 2nd Largest Globally IT Center in Sofia", "VMware to invest 23M and Grow the Site in Sofia to over 1500 People", "Bosch Group Officially Opened its New Office in Sofia", "Financial Times Expands Its Team in Sofia", "The Software Company Experian Opened its New Office Building in Sofia", "American Control System Solutions Manufacturer Woodward Opens Production in Sofia", "Festo to Invest 25.6 mln. 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Largest city education and local economy brought greater diversity to the National Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in underpass. The classification process can also be used for operational, management, and now has lines... Aleksandrov boulevards, as well as the `` triangle of religious tolerance '' of. Architectural inmate classification vg3 was substantially altered Stralitsion by the Crusaders jails to one of the married! ] the record snow depth is 57cm ( 22.4in ) ( 25 2001. Was called Atralisa by the Crusaders, Stralitsa or Stralitsion by the Crusaders by world-famous artists the are! Receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins [ 158 ] Nearly all of these were constructed competition.
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