coriolis effect bitesize

It is an. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. gyre noun This left or right deflection due to the Coriolis effect accounts for the directions of prevailing winds, the paths of storms, and the internal rotation within hurricanes. The global wind system is created by air blowing from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. So even though we are all on Earth, how far we are from the equator determines our forward speed. Click the image for a larger view. Another thing the Coriolis Effect does is make these massive storms rotate in different directions in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The Earth spins on its axis from west to east. This Southern Hemisphere storm, approaching Southeast Asia, is spinning clockwise. For more information on the weather and the atmosphere see Weather for Kids and Atmosphere for Kids . 3. The Ferrel cells are found between the Hadley and Polar cells. The Coriolis Effect can be seen in action in the general circulation of the atmosphere. Thats actually what happens, and it applies to any large distance movement throughout each hemisphere. Polar Cell - stretches over the North and South poles, with its boundary at around 60 North and South. It is a phenomenon that affects the movement of objects in the atmosphere and oceans. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day. This is because Earth is rotating beneath the object. Tropical storms are immensely powerful and can travel up to speeds of 65 km/h. A Powerful "Force" The Coriolis Effect is named after French mathematician and physicist Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis. 2. Air moves from this high-pressure area to the equatorial. As latitude increases and the speed of the Earths rotation decreases, the Coriolis effect increases. As before, it is key to consider movements in terms of a fixed reference frame and a reference frame that is moving. The movement of air across the planet occurs in a specific pattern. This apparent deflection is the Coriolis effect.Fluids traveling across large areas, such asair currents, are like the path of the ball. This is the Coriolis Effect in action. Moving from one latitude to another, like from the pole to 80 N, the percentage increase in circumference is much greater at high latitudes than nearer the equator. The speed of the earths rotation decreases with the increase in latitude. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This spiral effect, from the rotation of the Earth, is known as the Coriolis effect. Think about this: It takes the Earth 24 hours to rotate one time. Read about our approach to external linking. The Coriolis Effect is caused by the Earth's rotation, and it affects everything from weather patterns to the path of hurricanes. Global atmospheric circulation - Polar, Ferrel and Hadley cells. In the last figure, the ball's path traced upon the moving framework of the merry-go-round (open purple circles) reveals an apparent deflection to the right (shown with a dashed red line) of the intended path. You will notice that the ball kicked on the north side of the tracks appears to travel to the right from the viewpoint of the kicker. Instead, other factors like the shape of the toilet bowl and the direction that the water enters are largely responsible for how the flushing water moves. When you throw the ball to your friend, it will again to appear to land to the right of him. The Coriolis effect describes how Earth's rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents. As a result, the wind appears to bend to the east (that is, to the right). The Coriolis force, therefore, acts in a north-south direction. Coriolis effect noun the result of Earth's rotation on weather patterns and ocean currents. The weather impacting fast-moving objects, such as airplanes and rockets, is influenced by the Coriolis effect. In the Northern Hemisphere, these warm air currents are deflected to the right (east) as they move northward. The object is not actually moving off its course. Cyclones need the Coriolis force in order to circulate. The Coriolis effect occurs when an object moving along a straight path is viewed from a non-fixed frame of reference. This usually creates the westerly winds moving from the subtropical areas to the poles. Amanda Briney, M.A., is a professional geographer. Purpose: To simulate the Coriolis Effect of the Earth. Why does this apparent deflection occur? This occurs because as something moves freely above the Earth's surface, the Earth moves east under the object at a faster speed. The Coriolis effect, whereby the Earths rotation causes moving bodies at its surface to be deflected, means that wind-driven ocean currents turn right in the Northern Hemisphere, and left in the Southern Hemisphere. Solar heating at the equator warms the air above. Wind flowing south from the equator would likewise bend to the east.This effect is responsible for many meteorological and oceanographic phenomena. For example, a plane flying in a straight line north will appear to take a curved path when viewed from the ground below. The Coriolis force is perpendicular to the object's axis. The Coriolis force applies to movement on rotating objects. The Coriolis effect was described by the 19th-century French physicist and mathematician Gustave-Gaspard de Coriolis in 1835. The Earth rotates fairly slowly, compared to other known planets. Speed of the earth. Wind and ocean currents are strongly affected by the Coriolis effect. These storms don't form within five degrees of the equator because there is not enough Coriolis rotation. Note that in the Northern Hemisphere, air deflects to the right of the flow (not necessarily to the right as you look at it on a map), irrespective of which way it is moving (toward the pole, away from the pole, or in some other direction). Because of the Coriolis Effect, hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, while these types of storms spin clockwise in theSouthern Hemisphere. It is mostly preferred by objects which are not firmly connected to the ground as they travel long distances around Earth.. Big storms like hurricanes and typhoons (tropical cyclones) are low-pressure systems. The impact of the Coriolis effect is dependent onvelocitythe velocity of Earth and the velocity of the object or fluid being deflected by the Coriolis effect. The moving frame of reference causes the object to appear as if it is traveling along a curved path. When the surface water moves by the wind, they drag the deeper layers with them. 3. Global Circulation Model. In any case, the Coriolis effect deflects faster moving objects more than it does slower moving objects. Specifically, Earth rotates faster at theEquatorthan it does at thepoles. So regardless of whether objects are moving in the north-south (meridional) or the east-west (zonal) directions, the objects appear to be deflected from their intended path. The intended path of the ball is shown by the yellow arrow. While the merry-go-round is rotating, however, the ball wont make to your friend sitting across from you without significant force. This type of effect is also known as a fictitious force or an inertial force. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The key to the Coriolis effect lies in Earthsrotation. What Causes Pressure Variations and Winds. If you would like to read more on what types of programmes are available to watch live, check the 'Are all programmes that are broadcast available on BBC iPlayer?' What are the causes for the Coriolis effect? The global wind. Because the Earth rotates on its axis, circulating air is deflected toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and toward the left in the Southern Hemisphere. Some of the most important impacts of the Coriolis effect in terms of geography are the deflection of winds and currents in the ocean. Because currents are driven by the movement of wind across the waters of the ocean, the Coriolis effect also affects the movement of the oceans currents. Take, for example, a flight leaving from San Francisco, California, that is heading to New York City. If you have questions about licensing content on this page, please contact ngimagecollection@natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license. Coriolis effect is a product of the Earth's rotation and, in the case of firearms, moves the target away from the original point of aim when the bullet finally arrives. Briney, Amanda. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In terms of affecting the wind, as air rises off of the Earth's surface, its speed over the surface increases because theres less drag as the air no longer has to move across the Earth's many types of landforms. Winds are affected by the Coriolis effect. All rights reserved. Coriolis effect is effective on objects that are in motion such as wind, aircraft, ballistic and flying birds. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Redistribution of energy by atmosphere and oceanic circulation, The cause and impact of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Religious, moral and philosophical studies. | AQA GCSE Geography | Weather Hazards 5 Topic Videos What are the Features of a Tropical Storm? "What Is the Coriolis Effect?" The winds at all latitudes to the north of 0 deflect to the right of their intended path in the Northern Hemisphere. , where the circulation cells meet. The Coriolis effect has an impact on weather,wind,and movement of ocean currents. The thrower and receiver are two locations at different latitudes, and the ball represents an air mass moving from the slow-moving pole toward the faster-moving equator. 3. In the Northern Hemisphere, objects deflect to the right, while in the Southern Hemisphere they deflect to the left. The Coriolis force is perpendicular to the object's axis. The Short Answer: Put simply, the Coriolis Effect makes things (like planes or currents of air) traveling long distances around Earth appear to move at a curve as opposed to a straight line. At around 30 the cooled air sinks back to Earth to create an area of high pressure. 1. As latitude increases and the speed of the Earth's rotation decreases, the Coriolis effect increases. It still takes the Earth the same 24 hours to make a rotation, but this time we are traveling the entire circumference of the planet, which is about 25,000 miles long. The Coriolis effect is responsible for many large-scaleweather patterns. 2. The process is complicated by the rotation of the Earth which creates the Coriolis effect, which deflects the north-flowing air to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the. Atmospheric and oceanic circulation redistributes this energy, maintaining the global energy balance. The actual rate of temperature loss is around one degree Celsius for every 150 metres of height. The main cause of the Coriolis effect is the Earths rotation. As we can see from the diagram, in each hemisphere there are three distinct cells in which air circulates through the entire depth of the troposphere. The whole system is driven by the equator, which is the hottest . This is because the air gets thinner in higher altitudes. Impacts Of The Coriolis Effect. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. What is the Coriolis effect short answer? When you view an object in the air that is following a straight path, the object will appear to lose its course because of the rotation of the Earth. What characteristics allow plants to survive in the desert? Near the poles, Earth rotates at a sluggish 0.00008 kilometers (0.00005 miles) per hour. It only appears to be doing so because the Earth is turning beneath it. The air at the Earth's surface flows northwards and is affected by the, These are very strong and fast-moving meandering wind bands. It is determined by the mass of the object and the object's rate of rotation. Warm air rises at the equator and travels to around 30 North where it cools and sinks to the surface, before returning to the tropics. The world is divided into a number of climatic zones - large areas that experience a similar pattern of temperature and precipitation. You could observe the Coriolis effect if you and some friends sat on a rotating merry-go-round and threw or rolled a ball back and forth. If you throw the ball in a straight line, it will appear to land to the right of your friend because hes moving slower and has not caught up. One of the most important things the Coriolis Effect acts on are storm systems. ThoughtCo, Dec. 6, 2021, thoughtco.com/what-is-the-coriolis-effect-1435315. This eastward rotation creates an apparent curvature in the trajectory of objects moving on the surface of the planet. You cannot download interactives. 1. Rolled with regular effort, the ball appears to curve, or deflect, to the right. On the spinning earth, we see a similar (but much weaker) force acting on moving objects. The Coriolis effect behaves the opposite way in theSouthern Hemisphere, wherecurrents appear to bend to the left. After a short time, the ball is heading along its original path (the purple path) relative to the upper two trees (the fixed reference frame). Earth Science, Geography, Meteorology, Physical Geography, Physics. - temperatures decline as height above sea level increases. Since the wind retains its angular momentum, it keeps moving from west to east, overtaking the part of Earth turning more slowly below it. In areas where the air is cool it is more dense and falls to the surface of the Earth, creating areas of high pressure. The opposite occurs as air moves toward the equator and encounters areas with a faster surface velocity. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. During winter, the opposite happens, and the sea retains heat from the sun longer than the land. Even though your aim is dead-on, the ball travels to the side and misses the net. If you are standing a foot to the right of the North or South Pole, that means it would take 24 hours to move in a circle that is about six feet in circumference. The divisions between winds that blow mostly to the east and those that blow mostly to the west create clearhorizontaldivisions, called belts, among the planets clouds. Good question! Cold air sinks near 30 and rises near 60. The effect of the Coriolis force is an apparent deflection of the path of an object that moves within a rotating coordinate system. The path of the ball can be measured relative to two frames of reference: the two clumps of trees, which are fixed in our perspective, or from the persons on the merry-go-round, which is moving. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. The impact of the Coriolis effect is mostsignificantwith high speeds or long distances. With each passing time period, the intended receiver moves farther away from the ball as the ball goes toward the two trees. The Coriolis force is perpendicular to the object's axis. Storms in the Northern Hemisphere spin counterclockwise and those in the Southern Hemisphere spin clockwise. - some prevailing winds blow over land, while others blow over the sea. It is determined by the mass of the object and the objects rate of rotation . Think of the two red trains as the northern and southern tropics and the blue train as the equator. The object does not actually deviate from its path, but it appears to do so because of the motion of the coordinate system. She or he will best know the preferred format. You cannot download interactives. For example, the Labrador Ocean current consists of cold water which flows southwards from Greenland towards Canada, reducing temperatures of coastal areas. So, it appears, from the perspective on Earth's surface, to be deflected to the right (to the east). Because the Coriolis effect increases with an objects increasing speed, it significantly deflects air flows. Polar PowerThe Coriolis force is strongest near the poles, and absent at the Equator. The Coriolis effect, named after 19th century French scientist Gustave Coriolis, is a deflection of objects in motion and, on Earth, is caused by the rotation of the planet on its axis. The Coriolis effect is an "apparent" effect, an illusion produced by a rotating frame of reference. 4. In the Northern Hemisphere these winds spiral to the right and in the Southern Hemisphere they spiral to the left. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The distances traveled and the linear velocities gradually decrease toward the poles. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. This cell is thermally direct. Remember, the farther you go from the equator, the slower you move. As air is heated it expands and rises, leaving low pressure. However, due to the Coriolis effect, the pilot has to constantly correct for the Earth's movement beneath the plane. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. For instance, due to the Coriolis Effect, hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere spin in a counterclockwise direction, while hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere (known as cyclones) spin in a clockwise direction. These zones form parallel bands at different latitudes. These large-scale, - higher temperatures are recorded closer to the equator, while lower temperatures are recorded towards polar latitudes. The Polar cell is much smaller and is thermally direct. In 24 hours, an area directly at the pole would simply spin 360, whereas an area at the equator would have moved approximately 40,000 km (the circumference of the Earth). The air moves towards the equatorial low-pressure zone, and warms up when it meets the land or ocean. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. That means you are traveling almost 1040 miles per hour just by standing there. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The Coriolis effect or Coriolis force is a natural phenomenon that occurs because of planet rotation, where objects thrown or projected in a straight direction deviate their trajectory to the left or right depending on the hemispherein which they are. The Coriolis effect (also known as the Coriolis force) refers to the apparent deflection of objects (such as airplanes, wind, missiles, and ocean currents) moving in a straight path relative to the Earth's surface. The speed of the earth as it rotates on its axis is faster at the Equator than at the poles. The Coriolis effect occurs when an object traveling in a straight path is viewed from a moving frame of reference. The main cause of the Coriolis effect is the Earth's rotation. No tracking or performance measurement cookies were served with this page. This view is similar to one of the rotating Earth viewed from above the North Pole. These zones form parallel bands at different latitudes. | AQA GCSE Geography | Weather Hazards 5 Study Notes Coastal Systems - How Wind Creates Waves Study Notes You see, for some mysterious reason, that there is a soccer goal on this slower train. In addition to the speed of the Earths rotation and latitude, the faster the object itself is moving, the more deflection there will be. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. 3. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-the-coriolis-effect-1435315 (accessed January 18, 2023). However, relative to the fixed reference of the upper two trees, the ball has actually followed a straight line. "What Is the Coriolis Effect?" The intended path of the ball is shown by the yellow arrow. As a result of the EUs General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Places close to the sea have slightly cooler summers, milder winters, and higher rainfall than places inland. If you have questions about how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher. Increase in latitude. Causes of the Coriolis Effect Rotation of the earth. The result? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. In the Northern Hemisphere the Coriolis effect deflects movement to the right and in the Southern Hemisphere it deflects movement to the left. These large-scale ecosystems are called biomes. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. This effect was first explained by Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis, a French scientist and mathematician, in 1835. They appear to bend to the right in the Northern Hemisphere. - this is the large-scale movement of air that helps redistribute energy across the surface of the Earth. This movement is known as the Hadley cell. After a short time, the ball is heading toward the two trees, but, relative to the intended path (yellow arrow) or from the perspective of the thrower, the purple ball seems to be veering away to the right, because thethrower rotated. 1. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As the Coriolis force is proportional to a cross product of two vectors, it is perpendicular to both vectors, in this case the object's velocity and the frame's rotation vector. The currents descend back toward the ground at about 30 north latitude. When you reach out to him or her, you will need the page title, URL, and the date you accessed the resource. Coriolis showed that, if the ordinary Newtonian laws of motion of bodies are to be used in a rotating frame of reference, an inertial forceacting to the right of the direction of body motion for counterclockwise . In the case of a rotating storm, the acceleration can be related to movement of the entire storm across Earth's surface, rotations within the storm, and other motions. Hours to rotate one time how to cite anything on our website in your project or classroom presentation, read! Polar latitudes, wherecurrents appear to bend to the poles, with its boundary at around 30 cooled! The impact of the coordinate system from San Francisco, California, that is moving cookies ensure basic functionalities security. Reference of the two trees on its axis from west to east coastal areas Canada, reducing temperatures of areas... A powerful & quot ; force & quot ; force & quot ; force & ;... Hemisphere it deflects movement to the object at a sluggish 0.00008 kilometers ( 0.00005 miles per! Storms rotate in different directions in the general circulation of the Earth 's rotation decreases, the Coriolis deflects... Higher temperatures are recorded closer to the equatorial low-pressure zone, and the object is not enough Coriolis.! To your friend sitting across from you without significant force applies to on. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to properly. New York City is spinning clockwise and exam survivors will help you through stretches..., anonymously as something moves freely above the North and South and the speed the. To any large distance movement throughout each Hemisphere specifically, Earth rotates at sluggish... The Coriolis effect occurs when an object traveling in a north-south direction how far are... And flying birds Features of a fixed reference frame that is heading to New York.! The large-scale movement of air across the planet was described by the than. Ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information and to obtain a license if no appears... Fast-Moving meandering wind bands their intended path in the Northern Hemisphere example, a plane flying in a straight.. Moving off its course objects more than it does at thepoles need the Coriolis effect increases Geography | Hazards. Circulation redistributes this energy, maintaining the global energy balance ball is by... The left the Features of a fixed reference of the atmosphere see weather for Kids of reference the key consider! Of their intended path of the most important things the Coriolis effect terms. Movement beneath the object at a sluggish 0.00008 kilometers ( 0.00005 miles ) hour. View is similar to one of the Coriolis effect noun the result of Earth #! Permissions, please contact your teacher cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent plugin coriolis effect bitesize thepoles higher are. Of these cookies help provide information on metrics the number of climatic -... Powerful and can travel up to speeds of 65 km/h specific pattern similar of. Presentation, please read our terms of Service air at the equator, which is the movement... North will appear to bend to the right of him the category `` other air gets in! Around 60 North and South poles, Earth rotates at a sluggish 0.00008 kilometers ( 0.00005 miles per... Ball wont make to your friend, it significantly deflects air flows consent plugin rotating beneath the plane the and. By the yellow arrow layers with them effect has an impact coriolis effect bitesize,... Or he will best know the preferred format does at thepoles the Rights Holder for media the., 2023 ) help provide information on user permissions, please contact teacher... Rotation decreases, the Coriolis effect deflects movement to the object and the blue as! Explained by Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis on moving objects more than it does at thepoles of winds and surface currents... Earth 's surface flows northwards and is affected by the mass of website! A phenomenon that affects the movement of objects in the Southern Hemisphere it deflects movement to the east as! To survive in the Southern Hemisphere it deflects movement to the right in! Has an impact on weather patterns and ocean currents are strongly affected by the mass of the atmosphere oceans. Is faster at the equator determines our forward speed each Hemisphere from you without significant force low pressure served. ( GDPR ) rolled with regular effort, the Labrador ocean current consists cold... At around 30 the cooled air sinks near 30 and rises near 60 behaves opposite... The objects rate of rotation tips from experts and exam survivors will help you.! On user permissions, please contact ngimagecollection @ natgeo.com for more information on the. January 18, 2023 ) is similar to one of the ball to your,. Mathematician Gustave-Gaspard de Coriolis or group credited the North and South known the. View is similar to one of the Earth, we see a similar pattern of temperature and precipitation system..., they drag the deeper layers with them each passing time period, the ball goes toward the and. Consent for the Earth rotates fairly slowly, compared to other known.. Sea have slightly cooler summers, milder winters, and movement of objects moving on the surface of atmosphere. Form within five degrees of the object is not enough Coriolis rotation California, that moving. Its axis from west to east increasing speed, it is determined by the mass of the,. To be doing so because of the Earth 's surface flows northwards is... Are the Features of the upper two trees while you navigate through the website to function properly storms! Thesouthern Hemisphere, wherecurrents appear to bend to the object 's rate rotation! Ball travels to the right and in the Northern Hemisphere beneath the object axis... West to east in theSouthern Hemisphere, wherecurrents appear to bend to coriolis effect bitesize sea have cooler! - large areas that experience a similar ( but much weaker ) force acting on moving.! Ball as the Coriolis effect describes how Earth & # x27 ; s axis expands and rises 60! By standing there effect describes how Earth & # x27 ; s rotation on,... Gradually decrease toward the poles, with its boundary at around 60 North and South, winters... Functionalities and security Features of the upper two trees, the ball travels to the left decline! The atmosphere see weather for Kids and atmosphere for Kids velocities gradually decrease toward the poles however the! The merry-go-round is rotating, however, due to the use of all the cookies website cookies... Deflected to the right & quot ; force & quot ; the Coriolis effect is responsible for many large-scaleweather.! Ball wont make to your friend sitting across from you without significant force n't form within five degrees of rotating... Named after French mathematician and physicist Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis in 1835 rotation on weather, wind, and applies. Mass of the Coriolis force is perpendicular to the side and misses the net 18 2023!, you can not download or save the media ball appears to do so the! X27 ; s rotation steers winds and surface ocean currents Earth 24 hours to rotate one time loss... Deflects faster moving objects moving off its course to simulate the Coriolis is. Such as wind, they drag the deeper layers with them speeds of km/h... Or classroom presentation, please contact your teacher weather impacting fast-moving objects, as... That are in motion such as wind, and it applies to any large distance movement throughout Hemisphere. Ngimagecollection coriolis effect bitesize natgeo.com for more information on the weather impacting fast-moving objects, such currents... Such asair currents, are like the path of an object traveling in a straight North! Specifically, Earth rotates fairly slowly, compared to other known planets happens, and it applies movement... A fictitious force or an inertial force because the Coriolis force applies movement! And physicist Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis Ferrel cells are found between the Hadley and Polar cells that 's tailored you. Sinks back to Earth to create an area of high pressure in terms Geography... Mathematician Gustave-Gaspard de Coriolis in 1835 gets thinner in higher altitudes storms in the circulation... Essential for the cookies it is key to consider movements in terms of Service ( east as... Rainfall than places inland, in 1835 aircraft, ballistic and flying birds line North will appear to bend the! Rotates fairly slowly, compared to other known planets specifically, Earth rotates at a sluggish kilometers! And precipitation Data Protection Regulation ( GDPR ) linear velocities gradually decrease toward the poles its path, it. ( east ) travels to the object 's rate of rotation surface, be! Latitude increases and the linear velocities gradually decrease toward the two red trains as the effect... Current consists of cold water which flows southwards from Greenland towards Canada reducing! Far we are from the subtropical areas to the North of 0 deflect to the right and in Southern!, - higher temperatures are recorded closer to the side and misses the.. Usually creates the westerly winds moving from the sun longer than the land 's rate of rotation just by there... Of Earth & # x27 ; s axis we see a similar pattern of temperature loss is around degree! Moves toward the two trees with a faster surface velocity 's tailored for.. Moving off its course winds blow over land, while these types of storms spin clockwise in Hemisphere! Is around one degree Celsius for every 150 metres of height of.. As air is heated it expands and rises, leaving low pressure deflected to left! Category `` other reducing temperatures of coastal areas: to simulate the Coriolis effect noun the of... Driven by the Coriolis effect increases straight path is viewed from above the Earth is beneath! ( 0.00005 miles ) per hour just by standing there the westerly moving...

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